Wildlife Corridor Database
There are now hundreds of wildlife corridors around the world – with more coming. These are built to help wildlife cross safely across barriers, such as road, railways, and deforested areas. But do wildlife corridors work?
We have compiled a database of wildlife corridors as a starting point to answer this question. Below is a sample of the data available for scientists, policy makers, and designers to help gain insights into what makes corridors succeed – and fail. Contact us for a copy of this database or to add to the information!
| Name | Construction | Location | Country | State/Providence | Highway(s) | Context | Boundaries | Year | Cost (Local Currency) | Purpose | Target - Species (common) | Used By Species (common) | Monitoring Effort | Notes | LINK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christmas Island Crab Bridge | metal bridge over roadway | Christmas Island | Australia | Christmas Island | Roadway | Every first rainfall of the wet season (in Oct. or Nov.) triggers the migration of red crabs from the forest into the ocean to mate and spawn. Along the way, they are often hit by cars or face substantial barriers to movement and they can dessicate; high mortality. Estimated 50 million crabs migrate annually | 20 km of guide barriers to funnel crab traffic (12 km of permanent fencing, 5 km temporary); the guide barrier is short aluminum wall | 2015 | reduce road mortalities of red crabs during their mass migration | Red crab | Red crab | Road closure, park staff | https://parksaustralia.gov.au/christmas/discover/highlights/red-crab-migration/ https://www.environment.gov.au/resource/behind-scenes-red-crab-migration-october-2012 https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/crabs-get-safety-bridge-passage-sea/ https://roaring.earth/millions-of-crabs/ | ||
| Bandicoot Underpass | An underpass was built when a freeway bisected the bandicoot population stronghold, with money set aside for a predator-proof fence. The fence was never built, rendering the underpass ineffective and essentially wasting the $20 million spent on the underpass | Melbourne | Australia | Victoria | Freeway | Bandicoots once thrived at The Pines Flora and Fauna Reserve, a patch of bush in the back blocks of Frankston on Melbourne's urban edge, just 10 kilometres from the Cranbourne Botanic Gardens.. The Pines was split by a freeway in 2010. Bandicoot population at The Pines Flora and Fauna Reserve was threatened by urband development, feral cats, and predation from foxes. An underpass was built when a freeway bisected the bandicoot population stronghold, with money set aside for a predator-proof fence. The fence was never built, rendering the underpass ineffective and essentially wasting the $20 million spent on the underpass. | None -- money was set aside for predator-proof fencing, but it was never realized | 2013 | 20,000,000 | protect nationally endangered bandicoot population, reduce pressures from urban development and increased predation | Southern brown bandicoot | Southern brown bandicoot | At the completion of the freeway in 2013, and with only a single bandicoot hair detected two years prior, Parks Victoria chose to direct the money intended for the fence to bandicoot programs near Cranbourne. | https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-28/survival-of-rare-melbourne-bandicoots-under-threat/7181580 | |
| Western Ringtail Possum Rope Bridge | marine grade rope, wooden poles, concrete foundation | Busselton | Australia | Western Australia | Caves Rd | Roads have a negative impact on arboreal species; the western ringtail possum is critically endangered; they travel from tree to tree in the canopy, especially between peppermint trees; Locke Nature Reserve surrounds the area and has one of the highest de | 2013 | help arboreal species cross a road barrier | Western ringtail possums | Western ringtail possums | Infared cameras, sensory cameras, microchip reader (for the 44 females and 53 males captured and tagged) | https://natureconservation.pensoft.net/article/4385/, https://www.uwa.edu.au/projects/rope-bridges-to-restore-gene-flow-and-reduce-road-fatalities-of-western-ringtail-possums | |||
| Compton Road Wildlife Underpasses | Underpass A is also positioned immediately beside three wet culverts and a well vegetated artificial pond. Low shrubby vegetation occurs very close to the Karawatha Forest entrance of Underpass A and both entrances of Underpass B.Two specifically designed | South Brisbane | Australia | Queensland | Compton Road | Compton Road bisects some of the largest remnants of bushland in SE Queensland, specifically the Karawatha Forest; wildlife fatalities and damage to people/vehicles motivation for wildlife passes when road was being expanded | sheet metal strips so animals can't climb, fence is 2.48 m so animals can't cross, escape for small animals at the bottom of fence | 2005 | 700,000 Australian Dollars | Kangaroos, koalas | Regular use of the underpasses by a wide range of species and species-groups, the most abundant being 'rodents', most likely Rattus species, both native and introduced | Camera traps, audio radio transmitters, RFID tags | The cost of $70,000 to build the passages was 1.5% of the overall cost of upgrading Compton Road; Reduced road kill! | https://www.9news.com.au/national/koalas-can-learn-how-to-use-eco-passages-to-safely-cross-roads-queensland-study-finds/091062a1-e3e1-47fd-b895-86954023b8f0, https://www.griffith.edu.au/research/impact/compton-road-wildlife-corridor,https://www.griffith.e | |
| Compton Road Wildlife Overpass | South Brisbane | Australia | Queensland | Compton Road | Compton Road bisects some of the largest remnants of bushland in SE Queensland, specifically the Karawatha Forest; wildlife fatalities and damage to people/vehicles motivation for wildlife passes when road was being expanded | sheet metal strips so animals can't climb, fence is 2.48 m so animals can't cross, escape for small animals at the bottom of fence | 2005 | Wallabies, kangaroos, possums | Used by 45 species on one busy night,Red-necked wallaby, swamp wallaby, grey kangeroo, possum, short-beaked echidna, brown hare, introduced predators | Camera traps, audio radio transmitters, RFID tags | The cost of $70,000 to build the passages was 1.5% of the overall cost of upgrading Compton Road; Reduced road kill! | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/29468039Temporaltrendsinuseoffauna-friendlyunderpassesandoverpasses, https://www.griffith.edu.au/research/impact/compton-road-wildlife-corridor https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amy-Blacker/publication/ | |||
| Compton Road Wildlife Culverts | Wet culverts. Customised culverts to act as tunnels for small animals to pass beneath the road. | South Brisbane | Australia | Queensland | Compton Road | Compton Road bisects some of the largest remnants of bushland in SE Queensland, specifically the Karawatha Forest; wildlife fatalities and damage to people/vehicles motivation for wildlife passes when road was being expanded | sheet metal strips so animals can't climb, fence is 2.48 m so animals can't cross, escape for small animals at the bottom of fence | 2005 | Small animals, koalas | Small animals | Camera traps, audio radio transmitters, RFID tags | The cost of $70,000 to build the passages was 1.5% of the overall cost of upgrading Compton Road; Reduced road kill! | https://www.griffith.edu.au/research/impact/compton-road-wildlife-corridor https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amy-Blacker/publication/29468039Temporaltrendsinuseoffauna-fri | ||
| Compton Road Glider Poles | Wooden poles | South Brisbane | Australia | Queensland | Compton Road | Compton Road bisects some of the largest remnants of bushland in SE Queensland, specifically the Karawatha Forest; wildlife fatalities and damage to people/vehicles motivation for wildlife passes when road was being expanded | 2005 | Squirrel gliders | Squirrel gliders | Hair traps and specialised infra-red cameras revealed the squirrel gliders were using the wooden poles at least once per week. | The cost of $70,000 to build the passages was 1.5% of the overall cost of upgrading Compton Road; Reduced road kill! | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00847.x, https://www.scu.edu.au/engage/news/latest-news/2013/how-did-the-gliding-mammal-cross-the-road-turning-power-poles-into-stepping-stones.php | |||
| Compton Road Rope Bridges | Rope ladders | South Brisbane | Australia | Queensland | Compton Road | Compton Road bisects some of the largest remnants of bushland in SE Queensland, specifically the Karawatha Forest; wildlife fatalities and damage to people/vehicles motivation for wildlife passes when road was being expanded | 2005 | Possums | Possums | Camera traps, audio radio transmitters, RFID tags | The cost of $70,000 to build the passages was 1.5% of the overall cost of upgrading Compton Road; Reduced road kill! | https://www.griffith.edu.au/research/impact/compton-road-wildlife-corridor,https://www.griffith.edu.au/research/impact/compton-road-wildlife-corridor https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amy-Blacker/publication/29468039Temporaltrendsinuseoffauna-fri | |||
| East Evelyn Road Fauna Underpasses | galvanized steel arch and concrete base | southern Atherton Tablelands | Australia | Queensland | East Evelyn Road | A road improvement project for a stretch of Evelyn Road included the construction of four wildlife underpasses; the road bisects isolated patches of upland rainforest that are a part of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area | specifically no fencing to be experimental and to avoid further fragmentation for common species; specific vegetation is instead planted to encourage use | 2001 | Small mammals | 10 small mammal species | roadkill surveys, IR cameras, tracks | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1442-8903.2001.00084.x?casatoken=B4i-MKW021kAAAAA:qBoMDd1jNk2aJ5V3DpTH2Gbur0oliG6KmG2g2LiGSgQO1ep2IzaJr8X8p04TSet8nNsta8HBaY9MQ | |||
| Victorian Cattle Underpasses | a company with government funding builds cattle underpasses for farmers, over 45 built | Multiple locations | Australia | Victoria | rural and major roads | The Regional Development Fund (of the Victorian State Government) provided funding for the Cattle Underpass Scheme, mobilizing $3 mill ($50,000 per project) to build cattle underpasses; overseen by the Victorian Farmers Federation; high levels of satisfac | the farmer's fencing | 3000000 | driving cattle, reduce road fatalities | Cattle | cattle | Farmers who installed an underpass on average increased their herd size from 299 to 340 head. | https://www.underpass.com.au/, https://www.ccpcivilprecast.com.au/cattle-underpass-and-bridges | ||
| Mt. Cotton Road Koala Overpass | Purpose built steel gantry with fauna fence, wooden electical poles used to help koalas climb up | Burbank | Australia | Queensland | Mt. Cotton Road | Peri-urban contiguous bushland | fauna fence | Koalas | Koala | Camera trap | retrofit! | https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/koalas-tunnels-and-bridges-prove-effective-on-busy-roads-20160726-gqdsi2.html https://www.publish.csiro.au/wr/wr15153 | |||
| Redland Bay Road | wooden planks | Capalaba | Australia | Queensland | Redland Bay Road | Urban riparian corridor; retrofitted existing culverts to have dry ledges to koalas would cross under roads | Koalas | Koala | Camera trap | retrofit! | https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/koalas-tunnels-and-bridges-prove-effective-on-busy-roads-20160726-gqdsi2.html https://www.publish.csiro.au/wr/wr15153 | ||||
| Moreton Bay Rd/Old Cleveland Rd Koala Crossing | Capalaba | Australia | Queensland | Moreton Bay Rd, Old Cleveland Rd | Urban riparian corridor, retrofitted a bridge underpass with a concrete footway for koalas | exisiting fauna fence was added upon | Koalas | Koala | Camera trap | retrofit! | https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/koalas-tunnels-and-bridges-prove-effective-on-busy-roads-20160726-gqdsi2.html https://www.publish.csiro.au/wr/wr15153 | ||||
| Cleveland-Redland Bay Road Koala Underpasses | dry ledges (unspecified what material) | Victoria Point | Australia | Queensland | Cleveland-Redland Bay Rd | Urban riparian corridor adjoining bushland reserve | fauna fence | Koalas | Koala | Camera trap | retrofit! | https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/koalas-tunnels-and-bridges-prove-effective-on-busy-roads-20160726-gqdsi2.html https://www.publish.csiro.au/wr/wr15153 | |||
| Dayboro Road | large open bridge underpass | Petrie | Australia | Queensland | Dayboro Rd | Large bridge underpass was revegetated and fencing was added to existing structure; Urban parkland adjoining bushland reserve | fauna fence | Koalas | Koala | Camera trap | retrofit! | https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/koalas-tunnels-and-bridges-prove-effective-on-busy-roads-20160726-gqdsi2.html https://www.publish.csiro.au/wr/wr15153 | |||
| Anzac Avenue | gravel fauna pathways under bridge with fauna fences | Kallangur | Australia | Queensland | Anzac Ave | Gravel fauna pathways under bridge with fauna fence; Urban riparian corridor | fauna fence | Koalas | Koala | Camera trap | retrofit! | https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/koalas-tunnels-and-bridges-prove-effective-on-busy-roads-20160726-gqdsi2.html, https://www.publish.csiro.au/wr/wr15153 | |||
| Hume Freeway Glider Poles and Rope Bridge | rope and wood | Hume Freeway | Australia | Victoria | Hume Freeway | Gliders can only glide about 30-40 m, so they can't cross wide roads; arboreal species can't safely cross roads because the canopy is too far apart | 2007 | Suger gliders, possums | Squirrel glider, brushtail possum, common ringtail possums, sugar gliders, bush-tailed phascogales, goanna | Camera trap monitoring. Three-year monitoring program of two pairs of glide poles, as well as a canopy bridge, on the Oxley Highway at Port Macquarie, on the New South Wales mid-north coast. | inclusive of 250 other organizations at more local levels | https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-07-19/gliding-mammals-use-fauna-power-poles-to-cross-road-study-finds/9991528, https://lifeontheverge.net/2016/02/07/the-story-behind-the-structures/ https://theconversation.com/mysterious-poles-make-road-crossing-easier-f | |||
| Donaghy's Corridor | reforested land | North Queensland | Australia | Queensland | Crater Lakes NP and Wooroonooran NP have been isolated since 1940s; this corridor reconnects Lake Barrine Section Crater Lakes National Park to the east and Gadgara National Park to the west | shelterbelt trees | 1999 | reconnect isolated island patches that are both National Parks | https://www.treat.net.au/projects/donaghy.html https://site.emrprojectsummaries.org/2016/03/05/donaghys-corridor-restoring-tropical-forest-connectivity/ https://conservationcorridor.org/digests/2017/09/single-species-conservation-obstructs-australian-habi | ||||||
| Aich Wildlife Crossing | reinforced concrete | Bleiburg | Austria | Carinthia | 2018 | not specified | https://structurae.net/en/structures/aich-wildlife-crossing | ||||||||
| Ecoduct over de Spoorweg | Sonian Forest | Belgium | Flemish Brabant | Railway | Connects two parts of Sonian Forest | 2012 | https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecopassage#citenote-1 | ||||||||
| Ecoduct De Munt | Loenhout | Belgium | Wuustwezel | E19 | Connects parts of the Voorkempen together | 2011 | 12000000 | https://www.routeyou.com/nl-be/location/view/47449107/ecoduct-de-munt https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductDeMunt | |||||||
| Ecoduct De Warande | Bierbeek | Belgium | Flemish Brabant | N25 | Connects eastern and western parts of the Meerdaalwoud | 2005 | 2000000 | Used intensively by deer, foxes, wild boars, stone martens, polecats and even raccoons, but also by rare reptiles and insects.Stone martens , forest bats , roe deer, foxes, wild boars, polecats,slow worm , viviparous lizard, raccoons | First Flemish ecoduct | https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecopassage#citenote-1,https://www.wikiwand.com/nl/Ecopassage, https://www.hln.be/dieren/zelfs-wasbeer-gebruikt-ecoduct-in-meerdaalwoud~a174d969/ | |||||
| Ecoduct Groenendaal | Hoeilaart | Belgium | Flemish Brabant | R0 | Connects trees and grassland areas of Sonian Forest | Noise to prevent light and noise stunning | 2018 | 6100000 | Deer, fox, amphibians, insects | cameras | https://www.rtbf.be/info/regions/bruxelles/detailecoduc-de-groenendael-quel-est-le-bilan?id=10281729 https://www.sonianforest.be/lifeozon/works/ecoduct/ | ||||
| Ecoduct Kempengrens | Postel | Belgium | Antwerp | E34 | On Netherlands-Belgium border | Walls made of rocks in cages | 2014 | 7700000 | 16 wild mammal species (with the exception of bats), including wild boar, pine marten, squirrels | 16 wild mammal species (with the exception of bats), including wild board, pine marten, squirrels, voles, mice, shrews, 8 species of bats Reptiles (smooth snkae, viviparous lizard, slowworm) | Retained an outside firm Natuurpunt to monitor using camaer traps and snake grates. | https://www.willemen.be/en/project/ecoduct-kempengrens-mol?fieldprojecttypetid=900 https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductKempengrens | |||
| Ecoduct Kikbeek | each tunnel is 62 long | Maasmechelen | Belgium | Limburg | A2/E314 | Connects two parts of Hoge Kempen National Park | 2005 | 78 spider species (23 Flemish red data list), wild boars , foxes , hares , deer , ermine and fitchew , bats, reptiles, amphibians, fringe tail , the water bat , the smooth tube , the heath frog and the natterjack | http://wikimapia.org/8772888/Ecoduct-Kikbeek https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuropeanrouteE314 https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductKikbeek https://structurae.net/en/structures/kikbeek-wildlife-crossin, https://www.wikiwand.com/nl/Ecopassageg | ||||||
| Ecoduct Konijnenpijp | Oud-Heverlee | Belgium | Flemish Brabant | N25 | Meerdaal Forest | 2020 | It translates to Ecoduct "Rabbit Pipe" but it is unclear if this means rabbits are the target species Artist painted wildlife inside the tunnel, | https://www.hln.be/oud-heverlee/kunstenaar-dzia-beschildert-ecoduct-konijnenpijp~a6485c50/,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecopassage#citenote-1 https://wegenenverkeer.be/natuur-en-milieu/ontsnippering/ecoduct | |||||||
| Ecoveloduct | Zutendaal | Belgium | Limburg | E314 | Hoge Kampen National Park; converted old bridge to wildlife overpass | deer | deer | , | https://fietsbult.wordpress.com/tag/ecoveloduct/,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecopassage#citenote-1 | ||||||
| Nevele Ecopassage | Exisitng bridge was converted into an "ecoveloduct" with a cycle path on one side and an unpaved part for animals to cross the highway; fencing to guide animals into the crossing | Deinze | Belgium | East Flanders | E40 | Converted bridge on Cromekestraat (closed to traffic in 2019) to create one cycle path (paved) and an unpaved ecopassage with grass and woody debris side-by-side | "ecogrid" of fencing to get animals to use the corridor | 2020 | https://wegenenverkeer.be/werken/brug-wordt-ecoveloduct-over-e40-nevele-deinze | ||||||
| Fazenda Dourada | replanted with native flora | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | cattle land, roadway | The Atlantic Forest used to be million square kilometers of dense tropical forest; contains 60% of Brazil's endangered species. This area of reforested land connects the Reserva Biologia Uniao and other forests and spans a roadway so animals (especially | 2007 | "several million" | reconnect forest fragments, espcially aid in golden tamarin movement | Golden lion tamarin | Golden tamarin, foxes, crab-eating raccoons, otters, birds | Associacao Mico Leao Dourado (AMLD), SavingNature | 2019 confirmed use of the land bridge by tamarins, foxes, crab-eating raccoons, otters, birds | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/04/brazilian-atlantic-forest-wildlife-corridor-bridge-animals-spd/ https://www.savetheliontamarin.org/news/2016/6/10/a-success-story-of-forest-restoration-fazenda-dourada-corrid.html https://savingnature.com/at | ||
| Golden Lion Tamarin Bridge | Silva Jardim | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | BR-101 | The BR-101 bisects parts of the Atlantic Forest, specifically separating Poco das Antas and Fazenda Igarape forests. It was being widened from a 2 to a 4-lane roadway and after petitioning, the construction company agreed to construct an over- and underpa | fence along reforested land patches (to prevent grazing) | 2020 | Golden lion tamarin | Camera traps | https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/21/science/tamarins-monkeys-brazil.html https://savingnature.com/atlantic-forest-of-brazil/ | |||||
| Rosanela Farm Corridor | Rosanela Farm | Brazil | Sao Paulo | Rosanela Farm land | Connecting Atlantic Forest fragments by reforesting Rosanela Farm in three seven-hectare plots; connects Morro do Diablo State Park and Black Lion Tamarin Ecological Station | 2015 | 100000 | Black lion tamarin | Black lion tamarin | Camera traps | https://savingnature.com/atlantic-forest-of-brazil/ | ||||
| Arboreal Rope Bridge | rope and wood | Bahia | Brazil | Bahia | Roadway | Rope bridge spanning across four-lane road to two forested areas | Arboreal species, especially monkeys | https://admin.bigglobaltravel.com/adventure/animal-bridges-and-crossings-tw/ | |||||||
| Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Restored Habitat | Pontal do Paranapanema | Brazil | Sao Paulo | Connecting Atlantic Forest in Portal de Paranapanema | GPS tracking of individuals, eDNA, soundscape | https://conservationcorridor.org/ccsg/what-we-do/projects-and-activities/guidelines/case-studies/ipe/ https://www.ipe.org.br/docs/artigocompleto/1359/corridors-for-lifeipebrazil.pdf | |||||||||
| Black Lion Tamarin Canopy Bridge | wood | Morro do Diablo State Park | Brazil | Sao Paulo | Road | Black lion tamarins were incidentally observed crossing a dirt road; a canopy bridge was constructed in that spot in response | 1991 | Black lion tamarin | Black lion tamarin, capuchins | incidental observations | https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&assdt=0%2C34&q=Valladares-Padua%2C+C.%2C+Cullen%2C+L.+%26+Padua%2C+S.+%281995%29+A+pole+bridge+to+avoid+primate+road-kills%2C+Neotropical+Primates+3%281%29%3A+13-15.&btnG= | ||||
| Banff National Park Overpasses | Banff National Park | Canada | Alberta | Trans-Canada Highway | Banff National Park is cut through by the TransCanada Highway. Critical habitat has been fragmented and the movement of animals restricted. | 1997 | 100000 | wildlife | Grizzlies, elk, red fox, hoary marmot, boreal toads, wolverines, lynx, garter snakes and beavers | Yes | Among large carnivores, mortality rates are 50 to 100 per cent lower along sections of the highway where overpasses and underpasses exist Overall reduced wildlife collisions by 80% 11 species of large mammals in Banff have used the structures more | https://www.canadiangeographic.ca/article/banffs-famed-wildlife-overpasses-turn-20-world-looks-canada-conservation-inspiration https://conservationcorridor.org/corridors-in-conservation/man-made-corridors/ | |||
| Banff National Park Underpasses | Banff National Park | Canada | Alberta | Trans-Canada Highway | Banff National Park is cut through by the TransCanada Highway. Critical habitat has been fragmented and the movement of animals restricted. | 1997 | 100000 | wildlife | Black bears, mountain lions | Yes | Among large carnivores, mortality rates are 50 to 100 per cent lower along sections of the highway where overpasses and underpasses exist Overall reduced wildlife collisions by 80% 11 species of large mammals in Banff have used the structures more | https://www.canadiangeographic.ca/article/banffs-famed-wildlife-overpasses-turn-20-world-looks-canada-conservation-inspiration https://conservationcorridor.org/corridors-in-conservation/man-made-corridors/ | |||
| Beijing Olympic Forest Park Green Bridge | Beijing Olympic Forest Park | China | Beijing | Beijing Fifth Ring Rd | The Beijing Olympic Forest Park was built for the 2008 Olympics (construction between 2003 and 2008); this Green Bridge connects the southern and northern parts of the parks that are bisected by the Fifth Ring Rd | 2008 | for people and animals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OlympicForestPark#Environmental https://www.gardenvisit.com/gardens/olympicforestparkbeijing http://www.china.org.cn/english/olympic/196849.htm | |||||||
| Titi Monkey Rope Bridges | 2" nylon rope | Manuel Antonio | Costa Rica | Puntarenas | Roadway | The Titi monkey has about 3700 individuals left; they are threated by motor traffic and electricution from electric wires | 2000 | Titi monkeys | Titi monkeys, white-faced monkeys, sloths, porcupines, anteaters | Sponsored by school children | https://blog.education.nationalgeographic.org/2016/05/18/monkey-bridges-for-everyone/ https://www.podvolunteer.org/blog/protecting-monkeys-in-costa-rica-using-rope-bridg. https://www.podvolunteer.org/blog/protecting-monkeys-in-costa-rica-using-rope-bridge | ||||
| Dedin Bridge | reinforced concrete | Delnice | Croatia | Primorje-Gorski Kotar | A6 | Fox, badger, hare and roe deer use the bridge for foraging, eithergrazing grass or hunting small mammals and other vertebrates (amphibians and reptiles) | https://structurae.net/en/structures/dedin-tunnel, https://onedrive.live.com/?cid=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5&id=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5%21271717&parId=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5%21270726&o=OneUp | ||||||||
| Hrabuvka Wildlife Crossing | Hrabuvka | Czechia | Olomouc Region | D1 | Uhrinovsky creek needs to cross the D1 | 2008 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/hrabuvka-wildlife-crossing-and-overpass-d1 | ||||||||
| Suchdol nad Odrou Wildlife Crossings | Suchdol nad Odrou | Czechia | Olomouc Region | D1 | One underpass and one overpass on D1 (overpass: 326.1 km of Highway D1; underpass:325.6 km of Highway D1); The underpass and the overpass on Highway D1 near Suchdol nad Odrou are located just 500 meters apart. This situation is advantageous to compare ga | wooden bulwark on overpass | 2008 | Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), Brown hare (Lepus europaeus), Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), bear, moose, horses, dogs | Checked for tracks in the snow | low underpass not suitable for roe deer | http://forest-ngo.org/en/wmp-en/wildlife-crossings/205-wildlife-crossings-check-no-2 https://structurae.net/en/structures/suchdol-nad-odrou-wildlife-crossing-d1 | ||||
| Drahotuše Station Underpass (304,6 km) | Hranice | Czechia | Karlovy Vary | D1 | Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), European hare (Lepus europaeus) | Checked for tracks in the snow | Limited possibility of tracking wild animals without snow cover (sand, mud). | http://forest-ngo.org/en/wmp-en/wildlife-crossings/54-wildlife-crossings-check-no-1 | |||||||
| Underpass Milenovsky potok (303.9 km D1) | precast concrete | Hranice | Czechia | Karlovy Vary | D1 | fence along road | Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Mustelid (Mustela sp.) | Checked for tracks in the snow, mud, and sand | Possible tracking of wild animals even without snow cover (sand, mud) | http://www.shp.eu/en/strasky-husty-a-partneri/projects/bridges/highway-bridges/buried-bridges-animal-crossings/bridge-across-the-milenovsky-creek-freeway-d47/ | |||||
| Drahotuše Station Underpass (302.1 km) | Hranice | Czechia | Karlovy Vary | D1 | European badger (Meles meles), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), dog (Canis familiaris) | Camera traps and checking for tracks in the snow | Possible tracking of wild animals even without snow cover (sand, mud) | http://forest-ngo.org/en/wmp-en/wildlife-crossings/54-wildlife-crossings-check-no-1 | |||||||
| Jenišovice Ecoduct | unspecified | Jenišovice | Czechia | Liberec Region | Built to connect a migration path from Ore Mountains to interior lands | not a success | https://praguemonitor.com/news/national/14/09/2016/2016-09-14-mfd-wildlife-crossings-costly-dysfunctional/ | ||||||||
| Bílinka Overpass | Bílinka | Czechia | Louny District | D8/E55 | Connects between rocky slopes of the basalt peak Lovoš and Central Bohemian Highlands | http://forest-ngo.org/en/wmp-en/wildlife-crossings/493-overpass-bilinka-d8 | |||||||||
| Dolní Újezd Overpass | Dolní Újezd | Czechia | Olomouc Region | R35 | First overpass in Czechia | 1999 | http://forest-ngo.org/en/wmp-en/wildlife-crossings | ||||||||
| Jutland Underpass | unspecified | Aarhus | Denmark | Jutland | E45 | Use of an underpass by wildlife was monitored, to see efficacy and behavior changes by animals | Red fox, badger, stone martins, roe deer | sand stations, camera trap | https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&assdt=0%2C34&q=REVIEW+OF+MITIGATION+MEASURES+USED+TO+DEAL+WITH+THE+ISSUES+OF+HABITAT+FRAGMENTATION%5C&btnG= | ||||||
| Koskenkylä Wildlife Corridors | Southern Finland | Finland | E18 | The E18 was getting expanded so as part of the project, green bridges and animal underpasses were constructed | 2014 | 5 green bridges and 4 underpasses | https://www.eib.org/en/projects/pipelines/all/20100352 https://news.cision.com/yit-oyj/r/e18-koskenkyla-kotka-motorway-opened-for-traffic-in-finland,c9889825 https://vayla.fi/en/projects/all-projects/e18-hamina-vaalimaa | ||||||||
| Turku-Helsinki Overpass | Lohjanharju | Finland | Turku-Helsinki motorway | Fencing prevents large mammals (like elk) from migrating and colonizing new areas; this overpass helps mitigate | 2006 | to allow colonization of new areas | Deer, rabbit, fox | https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/wildlifecorridorscouldeliminatefour-fifthsofroadkill/8774795 | |||||||
| Eckartswiller Wildlife Bridge | wood | Eckartswiller | France | Grand-Est | A4 | 1976 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/eckartswiller-wildlife-bridge | ||||||||
| Les Adrets-de-l'Estérel Wildlife Crossing | reinforced concrete | Les Adrets-de-l'Estérel | France | Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur | A8 | wooden walls on overpass, guide fencing | 2017 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/les-adrets-de-l-esterel-wildlife-crossing | |||||||
| Néronde Bat Bridge | U ‐ shaped metal structure with a grid parallel to the road was installed to help bats to better detect the overpass and to force them to fly at a safe height across the road | Millonnais | France | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes | A89 | To mitigate the fragmenting effect of the road and restore connectivity, two overpasses (MP & TR) were placed within the bat commuting routes identified during the preconstruction EIA. | 2013 | Bats | two automatic acoustic recorders per site (Song Meter SM2Bat +, Wildlife Acoustics Inc.), one on each side of the overpass (henceforth referred to as a “pair”). | Overall, our results show that bat overpasses are more successful when they are placed in a location with forested areas on both side of the road and that they are avoided when placed in open habitats such as farmland.A bat overpass is more likely to fail | https://structurae.net/en/structures/neronde-bat-bridge, https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2664.13288, https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/978 | ||||
| Urcel Wildlife Crossing | reinforced concrete | Urcel | France | Hauts-de-France | RN2/D23 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/wildlife-overpass | |||||||||
| Ecoduct Birkenau | Birkenau | Germany | Hessen | B38 | https://littlethings.com/lifestyle/animal-bridge | ||||||||||
| Green Bridge Schermbeck | Schermbeck | Germany | North Rhine-Westfalia | A31 | Forests on the East side of the roadway are very small and needed to be connected to the West to prevent inbreeding and declining populations of deer | 2012 | 4500000 | game path | seven camera traps | 35th bridge built in Germany; funding from Netherlands, too,mice have moved on the the bridge permanenty while most other species just pass through | https://alrasub.com/germany-spends-millions-on-animal-only-bridges/,https://www.thelocal.de/20130918/51975 https://heimatreport.de/wild-nimmt-das-naturnahe-bauwerk-grunbrucke-a-31-gut-an/ https://schermbeck-online.de/grunbrucke-wird-sehr-gut-angenommen/ | ||||
| Barnekow Wildlife Overpass | reinforced and prestressed concrete | Barnekow | Germany | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | A20 | 1996 | 2900000 | not specified | https://structurae.net/en/structures/barnekow-wildlife-overpass | ||||||
| Grünbrücke bei Beelitz | steel-enforced concrete | Beelitz-Heilstätten | Germany | Brandenburg | A9 | 1 of 10 in Brandenburg: Networking Brandenburg wildlife corridor | 2018 | 4600000 | Fallow deer, roe deer, wild boar, fox, badgers, house cats, raccoon dogs, wolves, moose | cameras | https://www.maz-online.de/Lokales/Potsdam-Mittelmark/Bruecke-fuer-Reh-Fuchs-und-Hase | ||||
| Burkvitz Forest Wildlife Crossing | substructure: concrete, steel; superstructure: wood | Samtens | Germany | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | E22 | 2019 | 4200000 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/burkvitz-forest-wildlife-crossing | |||||||
| Grünbrücke (A72) | reinforced concrete | Autobahn 72 | Germany | A72 | railing, tall fencing | 2003 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/green-bridge-a-72 | ||||||||
| Grünbrücke Aichelberg | Aichelberg | Germany | Baden-Württemberg | A8 | Bats | Hiking trail crosses bridge, | https://www.komoot.de/highlight/1135290,https://structurae.net/en/structures/grunbrucke-aichelberg | ||||||||
| Grünbrücke Hohenlinden | Überlingen | Germany | Baden-Württemberg | Bundesstrasse B31n | 1993 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/grunbrucke-hohenlinden | |||||||||
| Grünbrücke Nietheim | reinforced concrete | Heidenheim | Germany | Baden-Württemberg | A7 | 2011 | 2850000 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/grunbrucke-nietheim | |||||||
| Hainhulz Green Bridge | reinforced concrete | Prunstorf | Germany | Schleswig-Holstein | A20 | 2007 | 2450000 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/hainholz-green-bridge | |||||||
| Heinzenberg Wildlife Crossing | reinforced concrete, hybrid timber | Nettersheim | Germany | North Rhine-Westfalia | A1 | wood walls | 2012 | 3500000 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/heinzenberg-wildlife-crossing | ||||||
| Kanalbrücke über die Stever | Ruhr sandstone | Olfen | Germany | North Rhine-Westfalia | Stever | Crosses Stever, part of historic Dortmund-Ems-Kanal; the renatured recreation area Steverauen starts at the bridge and has semi-wild grazing animals | 1894 | originally a canal; now no more water and people/animals can cross | https://structurae.net/en/structures/kanalbrucke-uber-die-stever https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanalbr%C3%BCcke%C3%BCberdieStever | ||||||
| Klein-Flöthe Wildlife Overpass | reinforced concrete | Flöthe | Germany | Lower Saxony | A395 | 1994 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/klein-flothe-wildlife-overpass | ||||||||
| Brücke Postweg | reinforced concrete | Halle | Germany | North Rhine-Westfalia | A33 | Overpass over A33 and allows Postweg road parallel to animal zone | 2018 | 3630000 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/postweg-overpass | ||||||
| Teupitz Wildlife Crossing | reinforced concrete | Treupitz | Germany | Brandenburg | A13/BAB9 | 1 of 10 in Brandenburg | 2011 | 4260000 | Deer, roe deer, red fox, wild boar, brown hare, wolf, badger, racoon dog, raccoon, domestic cat, marten | Camera trap monitoring | https://structurae.net/en/structures/teupitz-wildlife-crossing https://forst.brandenburg.de/sixcms/media.php/9/gruebrue2020.pdf | ||||
| Wiesenhagen Wildlife Crossing | reinforced concrete foundations, wooden arch and deck | Trebbin | Germany | Brandenburg | Bundesstrasse 101 | 1 of 10 in Brandenburg | 2012 | 3070000 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/wiesenhagen-wildlife-crossing | ||||||
| Wildbrücke Wilmshagen | reinforced concrete and timber | Sundhagen | Germany | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | B96n | 2004 | 1540000 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/wilmshagen-wildlife-crossing | |||||||
| Grünbrücke Würtembergle | reinforced concrete | Radolfzell am Bodensee | Germany | Baden-Württemberg | B33 | 1989 | 940770 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/wurtembergle-bridge | |||||||
| Niemegk Grünbrücke | Niemegk | Germany | Brandenburg | BAB9 | 1 of 10 in Brandenburg | 2012 | 1000000 | Fallow deer, wild boar, roe deer, red fox, bedger, racoon dog, wolf, brown hare, domestic cat, red deer, racoon, marten, doestic sheep, stork | Camera traps from 2012 to 2019 (vandalism destroyed some footage before 2013) | https://www.maz-online.de/Lokales/Potsdam-Mittelmark/Seit-2012-gibt-es-die-Gruenbruecke-ueber-die-A9-bei-Niemegk https://forst.brandenburg.de/sixcms/media.php/9/gruebrue2020.pdf | |||||
| Kersdorf Grünbrücke | Kersdorf | Germany | Brandenburg | BAB9 | 1 of 10 in Brandenburg | Deer, roe deer, red fox, wild boar, brown hare, wolf, badger, raccoon dog, raccoon, domestic cat, marten | Camera traps monitoring | https://forst.brandenburg.de/sixcms/media.php/9/gruebrue2020.pdf | |||||||
| Wildschutzbrücke Thyrow | wood | Trebbin | Germany | Brandenburg | Bundesstrasse 101, 14974 Trebbin / Thyrow | 1 of 10 in Brandenburg | 2019 | for humans and animals | largest wooden bridge in Europe | https://www.remmers.com/de/references/wildschutzbruecke-thyrow/detail/19140 https://forst.brandenburg.de/sixcms/media.php/9/gruebrue2020.pdf | |||||
| Grünbrücke bei Warnitz | Warnitz | Germany | Brandenburg | BAB11 | 1 of 10 in Brandenburg, in Biosphere Reserve (BSR) Schorfheide-Chorin within the Melzower Forest nature reserve. | 2014 | Red deer, fallow deer, roe deer, wild boar, brown hare, red fox, badger, marten, raccoon dog, raccoon, domestic cat, crane, other birds | Camera trap monitoring; part of a 10-year success study | https://www.ls.brandenburg.de/mediafast/4055/LFE1%20Zwischenbericht%202017Gr%C3%BCnbr%C3%BCcke%20Melzow.pdf https://forst.brandenburg.de/sixcms/media.php/9/gruebrue2020.pdf | ||||||
| Stadtkyll Overpass | Stadtkyll | Germany | Rhineland-Palatinate | Bundestrasse 51 | 2018 | https://interestingengineering.com/29-of-the-most-heartwarming-wildlife-crossings-around-the-world | |||||||||
| Freiburg Grünbrücke | Freiburg | Germany | Baden-Württemberg | BAB5/NBS | noise control walls | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwienfur6TuAhVJ11kKHW4RClwQFjAAegQIARAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.karlsruhe-basel.de%2Ffreiburgschallstadt-pfa-8-2.html%3Ffile%3Dfiles%2Fpage%2F02aktuelles%2F06downloads | |||||||||
| Freiburg Fledermausbrücke | Freiburg | Germany | Baden-Württemberg | BAB5/NBS | Bat bridge | Bats | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwienfur6TuAhVJ11kKHW4RClwQFjAAegQIARAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.karlsruhe-basel.de%2Ffreiburgschallstadt-pfa-8-2.html%3Ffile%3Dfiles%2Fpage%2F02aktuelles%2F06downloads | ||||||||
| Altfranken Landscape Tunnel | Altfranken | Germany | Sachsen | A17 | The A17 cuts through Lucknerpark (Altfranken Park) so an underpass was constructed and reforested | 2004 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/altfranken-tunnel https://de.zxc.wiki/wiki/TunnelAltfranken | ||||||||
| Meuschaer Höhe Landscape Tunnel | reinforced concrete; large cross section for light and ventilation | Dohna | Germany | Sachsen | A17 | This tunnel keeps the Meuscha desert more in tact; "Am Robisch" path leads to bridge | 2005 | protecting the desert from nitrogen oxide fumes from traffic | https://structurae.net/de/bauwerke/landschaftsbruecke-meuschaer-hoehe https://de.zxc.wiki/wiki/LandschaftstunnelMeuschaerH%C3%B6he | ||||||
| Harthe Landscape Tunnel | reinforced concrete | Geising | Germany | Sachsen | A17 | Connects forests and meadows of the Harthe | 2006 | 1200000 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/harthe-tunnel https://de.zxc.wiki/wiki/LandschaftstunnelHarthe | ||||||
| B31 Fledermausbrücke | corrugated metal sheets, concrete base | Fischbach | Germany | Rhineland-Palatinate | B31 | 2020 | 1600000 | Bats | https://www.suedkurier.de/region/bodenseekreis/friedrichshafen/warum-es-an-der-b-31-neu-eine-bruecke-nur-fuer-fledermaeuse-gibt;art372474,10573828 | ||||||
| India NH-7/44 Underpasses | Kanha-Pench | India | Madhya Pradesh | NH-7/44 | Connects Kanha and Pench wildlife parks under 6-land highway | 2018 | Dholes, tigers, wild dogs, spotted deer, leopard, guar, sloth bear, civet cats, langurs | CCTV cameras and camera traps | https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/a-wild-wild-road/article29360610.ece https://www.thebetterindia.com/190973/india-first-wildlife-underpass-kanha-pench-corridor-tigers/ | ||||||
| Israeli Eco-Bridge | Between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem | Israel | Highway 1 | As the Road 1 (Highway 1) gets straightened and widened, an ecobridge is beign built to connect green areas | 2016 | $800,000,000 (whole road widening project) | Deer, gazelles, wild boar, foxes, jackals, hyenas, porcupines, reptiles | https://www.israel21c.org/why-do-foxes-jackals-and-hyenas-cross-israels-highway-1/ https://blog.theanimalrescuesite.greatergood.com/cs-Israeli-ecobridge-build/ | |||||||
| Japan Turtle Tunnels | Nara | Japan | Nara | Railway | West Japan Railway Company teamed up with Suma Aqualife aquarium to create 5 U-shaped tunnels for turtle crossings that reduce fatalities and prevent train delays | 2015 | reduce wildlife mortality, prevent turtles from getting stuck in switches and getting smooshed; reduce train delays | Turtles | monthly monitoring effort by West Japan Railway Company | 10 turtles saved in few months; 13 train distruptions between 2002 and 2014 reduced in 2015 | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-02/japan-built-these-adorable-railroad-tunnels-to-help-turtles-cross-train-tracks https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/11/30/national/jr-west-aquarium-solve-turtle-linked-rail-disruptions/#.Vl72oL-Kbqt htt | ||||
| Mt. Kenya National Forest Elephant Underpass | Mt. Kenya National Park | Kenya | Reconnects Ngare Nadare Forest/Lewa with Mt. Kenya Forest (interior Kenya) between two distinct elephant populations that were historically connected | 2010 | 250000 | African elephant | Elephants | https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/01/28/133302985/elephant-underpass-connects-cousins-in-kenya | |||||||
| Rengelbur Wildlife Crossing | Steinsel | Luxembourg | Luxembourg Canton | A7 | Grünewald section | fence along road and on overpass | 2015 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/rengelbur-wildlife-crossing | |||||||
| Roost Wildlife Crossing | Mersch | Luxembourg | Mersch | A7 | Road bisects Sentier nature et forêt PËTTENERBËSCH | 2001 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/roost-wildlife-crossing | ||||||||
| Natuurbrug Zanderij Crailoo | Hilversum | Netherlands | Noord-Holland | N524 roadway, Railways | World's longest wildlife overpass; surrounded by Veluwe (1,000 sq km of protected land) | border of trees | 2006 | 14.75 million euros | Red deer, wild boar, ree, das, pine marten, pole cat, ermine, weasel, squirrel, crested newt, small newt, natterjack toad, moor frog, water frog, adder, smooth hose, grass snake, slowworm, viviparous lizard, sand lizard. | In one year nearly 5,000 animals made use of the crossing. Thirteen mammal species, six amphibian species, two reptile species. | Spore beds/sand traps (mammals), transect surveys (amhibians, reptiles), infrared counters | Badgers did not appear near the bridge and weren't included in the original plan. They have since appeared. Hedgehog and polecat are regular passers-by on the nature bridge,although these species do not yet pass weekly. The other mammal species Page 14 | https://www.webholism.com/blog/holly-strauss/wildlife-bridges-and-ecoducts/, https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/natuurbrug-zanderij-crailoo https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/NatuurbrugZanderijCrailoo https://conservationcorridor.org/corridors-in-conservati | ||
| Ecoduct De Borkeld | Rijssen | Netherlands | Overijssel | A1 / E30 | Within Veluwe nature reserve; near the De Borkeld nature reserve | 2003 | Where initially only large ungulates (cerviduct) were referred to as the target species the ecoduct has since been regarded as a natural bridge for the widest possible range species that occur in the wider area. | Bicycle lane, | Camera Traps | Bicycle lane!,On the spot where the ecoduct is now located, a narrow gauge railway used to run from Rijssen to a brick factory in the countryside. In 2019-2020, the A1 at the ecoduct will be widened to 2x3 lanes. | https://www.zja.nl/nl/Ecoduct-De-Borkeld,https://www.zja.nl/en/Ecoduct-De-Borkeld https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductDeBorkeld | ||||
| Ecoduct Laarderhoogt | Bussum | Netherlands | Noord-Holland | A1 / E231 | Connects the northern and southern parts of the Gooi; Connects the nature reserves of the Gooi and the Utrechtse Heuvelrug. When opened, this was the fifth ecoduct in the A1 motorway | 2015 | 11.5 million euros | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/NatuurbrugLaarderhoogt https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductLaarderhoogt https://structurae.net/en/structures/laarderhoogt-wildlife-crossing | |||||||
| Ecoduct Kootwijkerzand | Kootwijk | Netherlands | Gelderland | A1 / E30, Railway | Within Veluwe nature reserve; connects the forests west of Kootwijk with the nature reserve Kootwijkerzand north of the A1; The Kootwijkerzand is the largest drifting sand area in Europe | 2018 | 3 million euros | Fauna species associated with forests and fauna species associated with heathland and drifting sand. | Common shrew, wood mouse, roe deer, white-toothed shrew, pine marten, wild boar, field vole and red deer. | Camera Traps | 7500 sq m area,Also known as Faunapassage Kootwijkerzand. Species such as mice and reptiles colonize the 'new territories' on the ecoduct, deer rest and graze during the day in the middle of the ecoduct | https://www.royalhaskoningdhv.com/en-gb/projects/wildlife-passage-kootwijkerzand/8450,https://www.wegenwiki.nl/FaunapassageKootwijkerzand | |||
| Ecoduct Dr. Harm Van De Veen | Kootwijk | Netherlands | Gelderland | A1 / E30 | Connection between parts of the Veluwe that is intersected by the A1 | 1998 | Where initially only large ungulates (cerviduct) were referred to as the target species the ecoduct has since been regarded as a natural bridge for the widest possible range species that occur in the wider area. | 7 mammals. Red deer, roe deer, wild boar are incidental users. Also filed mice, ground mice,field shrew,house shrew, | Camera Traps | Species such as mice and reptiles colonize the 'new territories' on the ecoduct, deer rest and graze during the day in the middle of the ecoduct | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | ||||
| Ecoduct Hoog Buurlo | Hoog Buurlo | Netherlands | Apeldoorn | A1 / E30 | Within Veluwe nature reserve; connects the crown domain Het Loo part of the Veluwe | 2011 | Where initially only large ungulates (cerviduct) were referred to as the target species the ecoduct has since been regarded as a natural bridge for the widest possible range species that occur in the wider area. | 89 species. Red deer and wild board are frequent users. Also hare, fox, badgers, pine martens, bats, slowworm, sand lizard, viviparous lizard, grass snake,mongrel frog, little newt, brown frog,common toad, 40 bird species, | Camera Traps | Species such as mice and reptiles colonize the 'new territories' on the ecoduct, deer rest and graze during the day in the middle of the ecoduct | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductHoogBuurlo | ||||
| Ecoduct Oxersteeg | Deventer | Netherlands | Overijssel | A1 / E30 | It does not connect natural areas | wooden fences along corridor | 2020 | Not connecting natural areas, a vehicle and pedestrian crossing with additional space for wildlife | Deer, badgers, martens and amphibians | https://www.ad.nl/deventer/mountainbikers-ontdekken-en-gebruiken-wildpassage-op-viaduct-a1-bij-deventer~a26feb4b/?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F | |||||
| Ecoduct Ir. HJW Snijders | Oldenzaal | Netherlands | Overijssel | A1 / E30 | Boerskotten nature reserve intersected by A1 is reconnected; Ecological connection in the Boerskotten nature reserve. | 1992 | Large and small game, deer and badgers use it | relatively narrow corridor (at 15 m) | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir.H.J.W.Snijders-ecoduct https://www.wegenwiki.nl/Ir.H.J.W.SnijdersEcoduct | ||||||
| Ecoduct Autena | Hagestein | Netherlands | Utrecht | A2 / E25 | The ecoduct connects two parts of the Autena polder | 2010 | relatively narrow corridor (at 15 m) | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductAutena | |||||||
| Ecoduct Lage Veld | Beesd | Netherlands | Gelderland | A2 / E25 | Connects the Beesdsche Veld, also known as the Beesdsche Lage Veld, an area with fragmented pieces of forest. | 2010 | The ecoduct was constructed as part of the widening of the A2 from 2x2 to 2x4 lanes in 2010. Also called Ecoduct Beesdsche Veld | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductLageVeld | |||||||
| Natuurbrug Het Groene Woud | Boxtel | Netherlands | Noord-Brabant | A2 / E25 | The ecoduct connects two parts of Het Groene Woud, specifically wetlands that are bisected by the motorway | 2.5 m high embankments to reduce disturbance from traffic | 2005 | Population increase; specifically for amphibians | Ampbhibians (generally), red deer, tree frog | Common toad, common frog, marsh frog, edible frog, smooth newt and great crested newt were all found on the ecoduct. | https://www.naturetoday.com/intl/nl/nature-reports/message/?msg=25861 https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/NatuurbrugHetGroeneWod, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/green-bridges-safer-travel-for-wildlife | ||||
| Ecoduct Groote Heide | Borrowed | Netherlands | Noord-Brabant | A2 / E25 | Connects the natural Groote Heide and Valkenhorst together | 2013 | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductGrooteHeide | ||||||||
| Natuurbrug Weerterbergen | Weert | Netherlands | Limburg | A2 / E25, Railway | The nature bridge connects the Weerterbos with the Weerter and Budeler mountains. Budeler mountains forms a nature reserve of approximately 900 hectares and is an important bird breeding area. | 2013 | also gets private funding (ProRail),Natuurbrug Weerterbergen | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/NatuurbrugWeerterbergen,https://www.wegenwiki.nl/NatuurbrugWeerterbergen | |||||||
| Ecoducts Bunderbosch en Kalverbosch | Meerssen | Netherlands | Limburg | A2 / E25 | The works of art form a single connection that connects the nature reserves of the Maas valley and the Geuldal. The Bunderbos is located on either side of the ecoducts. | screens to prevent disturbance from traffic and street lights | 2013 | *TWO overpasses! *Artificially replanted with rocks, branches, pond Specific walkway for human crossings, | https://a2maastricht.nl/bouw-techniek/kunstwerken/ecoducten,https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductenBunderbosch/Kalverbosch | ||||||
| Eco-aqueduct Zweth en Slinksloot | Schiedam | Netherlands | South Holland | A4 | The Zweth and the Slinksloot are two small waterways that flow here on the A4. This eco-aqueduct connects both parts of the nature reserve Central Delfland which is bisected by the A4. Connects both parts of the Midden-Delfland nature reserve, which is in | 2015 | Allow aquatic wildlife to cross | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/Eco-aquaductZwethenSlinksloot https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-aquaductZwethenSlinksloot | |||||||
| Ecoduct Mollebos | Austerlitz | Netherlands | Utrecht | A12 / E35, Railway | The ecoduct Mollebos a wildlife crossing on the motorway A12 and the railway Utrecht-Arnhem between Driebergen and Maarn , near the village of Austerlitz . | 2013 | Species had disappeared from their native lands due to fragmentation | Red deer, roe deer, badger, pine marten, sand lizard, slowworm, but also insects | Deer, badgers, bats and reptiles | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/EcoductMollebos https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductMollebos | |||||
| Ecoduct Rumelaar | Woudenberg | Netherlands | Utrecht | A12 / E35, Railway | The ecoduct connects the Rumelaar nature reserve north of the A12 and the railway line with the Leersumsche Veld to the south of it; The Rumelaar ecoduct spans the A12, the parallel railway line from Utrecht to Arnhem, and two local access roads parallel | 2012 | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductRumelaar | ||||||||
| Ecoduct Jac. P. Thijsse | Ede | Netherlands | Gelderland | A12 / E35 | The ecoduct connects the Planken Wambuis and Reijerscamp nature reserves in the Veluwe | 2012 | Connect to parts of Veluwe: connects the Planken Wambuis and Reijerscamp nature reserves | Where initially only large ungulates (cerviduct) were referred to as the target species the ecoduct has since been regarded as a natural bridge for the widest possible range species that occur in the wider area. | 121 species 13 mammals,5 bats.,34 birds. Hedgehog, mole, wood shrew, badger, pine martin, red deer, field mouse, wood mouse,hare,rabbit,pipistrelle bat,scraggly pipiestrelle,late kite,red bat,Myotis spec,lizards,amphibians,butterflies,dragonflies | Looking for tracks in sand | Fence lowered in 2013 so large animals could use the viaduct. Species such as mice and reptiles colonize the 'new territories' on the ecoduct, deer rest and graze during the day in the middle of the ecoduct | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductJac.P.Thijsse https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/EcoductJac.P.Thijsse | |||
| Ecopassage Koekendaal | Doetinchem | Netherlands | Gelderland | A18 | The Koekendaal ecoduct connects the De Wrange nature reserve on the east side of Doetinchem. | 2019 | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductKoekendaal | ||||||||
| Ecoduct Zwaluwenberg | Hilversum | Netherlands | Noord-Holland | A27, N417, Railway | Built to restore the Heuvelrug and the Gooi between the Grebbeberg and the Gooimeer into one area. Creating continuous park reducing fragmentation | 2013 | Making a continuous park | Deer, badger, pine marten, sand lizard, ground beetle and heather blue; butterfly, slow worm | Slowworm, viviparious lizard, grass snake, common toad, brwon frog. | Radio-collared badgers, camera traps | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/NatuurverbindingZwaluwenberg https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductZwaluwenberg | ||||
| Ecoduct Sterrenberg (Huis ter Heide) | Soesterberg | Netherlands | Utrecht | A28 / E30 | The ecoduct connects two parts of the Utrechtse Heuvelrug. | 2012 | Small mammals, slowworm, sand lizard, ground beetles, forest ants, | 6 mammals .Rabbit, deer and fox are most frequent.Polecat occasional.Also hare,pine marten.Hedgehog in area did not cross. Slowworm,sand lizard,brown frog,field mouse,luster beetles,butterflies,grasshoppers,ground beetles,28 birds, bats | Camera traps / bitumen corrugated plats for small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, ground beetles (spring / summer 2014). Also traffic fatalites | Also called Ecoduct Beukbergen | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductSterrenberg | ||||
| Ecoduct Leusderheide | Soesterberg | Netherlands | Utrecht | A28 / E30 | Since the closure of the Soesterberg Air Force Base this ecoduct connects a newly formed nature reserve | 2005 | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductLeusderheide | ||||||||
| Ecoduct Hulshorst | Harderwijk | Netherlands | Gelderland | A28 / E232, Railway | The ecoduct connects nature reserves such as the Hulshorster Zand with the Belvedère forest, both part of the Veluwe. | 2011 | Where initially only large ungulates (cerviduct) were referred to as the target species the ecoduct has since been regarded as a natural bridge for the widest possible range species that occur in the wider area. | 69 species. Red deer, hare and fox are frequent users. Others include polecat, pine marten, bats, slowworm, dragonflies,grasshoppers, 46 bird species, badgers. | Camera Traps | Species such as mice and reptiles colonize the 'new territories' on the ecoduct, deer rest and graze during the day in the middle of the ecoduct | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductHulshorst | ||||
| Ecoduct Marinier der 1e klasse Marc Harders | Spier | Netherlands | Drenthe | A28 / E232 | The ecoduct connects the Dwingelderveld with the Terhorsterzand | 2013 | also called Ecoduct Dwingelderveld | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductMarcHarders https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/EcoductMarinierder1eklasseMarcHarders | |||||||
| Ecoduct Meandering | Gieten | Netherlands | Drenthe | N33 | In combination with the river Hunze | 2014 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | ||||||||
| Ecopassage and Ecotunnel Twilhaar | Nijverdal | Netherlands | Overijssel | N35, Railway | 2011 | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductTwilhaar | |||||||||
| Ecoduct Notterveld | Nijverdal | Netherlands | Overijssel | N35, Railway | Context: connects Notterveld and Wierdense Veld Part of Nature Network program Government funding, | 2021 | Reptiles (including Smooth snake, Sand lizard, Amphibians (Heikikker), mammals (Ree, Badger, Fringed tail) , birds (Nightjar) and insects (Heideblauwtje), | Context: connects Notterveld and Wierdense Veld Part of Nature Network program Government funding, | https://www.tubantia.nl/hellendoorn/notterveld-naam-nieuw-ecoduct-nijverdal~ad3ea38d/?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fduckduckgo.com%2F,https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | ||||||
| Ecopassage Doorbraak | Almelo | Netherlands | Overijssel | A35 | Game passage was created when new water diversion was built | 2007 | To dig a new stream between two bodies of water; game passage added | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorbraak(beek) | |||||||
| Ecoduct Oudste Grond | Boekelo | Netherlands | Overijssel | A35 | Connects the nature reserves Twekkelo and Boekelerveld. | 2020 | Work had been halted due to noise complaints and concerns about soil substance; injunction was rejected by the State and construction continued | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductOudsteGrond | |||||||
| Combiduct Stiggeltie | Linde | Netherlands | Drenthe | N48 | Connects the Sallandse Heuvelrug and the Drents Plateau | 2011 | Badger, viper, polecat, ermine, weasel, stone marten, red vole, roe deer, slow worm, moor frog, viviparous lizard, grass snake, gentian blue, moor moth, ground beetles, bats. In the longer term, red deer, wild boar and wolf | https://www.mjpo.nl/waar-in-nederland/drenthe/263/ecoduct-linde-%7C-ecoduct-stiggeltie-rv.html | |||||||
| Combiduct Suthwalda | Zuidwolde | Netherlands | Drenthe | N48 | 2011 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | |||||||||
| Ecoduct Tolhuis | Heerde | Netherlands | Gelderland | A50 | Connects areas within in the Veluwe: connects the Oldebroekse Heide and Wezeperheide with Landgoed Petrea and the Zwolse Bos | 2011 | Where initially only large ungulates (cerviduct) were referred to as the target species the ecoduct has since been regarded as a natural bridge for the widest possible range species that occur in the wider area. | 83 species, including 45 birds, 25 dragonflies. Wild boar,roe deer,red deer,fox are frequent users. Also pine marten, 3 species of bat, reptiles, amphibians | Camera Traps | New habitat east of ecoduct now colonized by wild boar and red deer. Species such as mice and reptiles colonize the 'new territories' on the ecoduct, deer rest and graze during the day in the middle of the ecoduct | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductTolhuis | ||||
| Ecoduct Woeste Hoeve | Loenen | Netherlands | Apeldoorn | A50 | Connects areas within in the Veluwe | Line of trees planted as a barrier; earthen walls to reduce traffic disturbance | 1988 | 16000000 | Where initially only large ungulates (cerviduct) were referred to as the target species the ecoduct has since been regarded as a natural bridge for the widest possible range species that occur in the wider area. | The two ecoducts across the A50 were used by nearly 5,000 deer and wild boar during a one-year period (Bank et al. 2002). Wild boar, red deer, red fox, roe deer, badger, domestic cat. Red deer and wild boar most frequent. | Camera Traps | Oldest ecoduct in Netherlands (another ecoduct opened the same day). Three tunnels for three motorways under the overpas. Species such as mice and reptiles colonize the 'new territories' on the ecoduct, deer rest and graze during the day in the middle of | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/WildwisselWoesteHoeve https://www.wegenwiki.nl/WildwisselWoesteHoeve https://www.researchgate.net/profile/W-F-De-Boer/publication/259358634Theuseofthe%27WoesteHoeve%27wildlifeoverpassbymammals/links/0046353bd1 | ||
| Wildwissel Terlet | Arnhem | Netherlands | Gelderland | A50 | Connects areas within in the Veluwe: serves as a connecting zone between two areas of Natuurmonumenten : Veluwezoom National Park and the Deelerwoud . This ecoduct is also intended for Highland cattle who have been deployed in both areas for grazing manag | Line of trees planted as a barrier | 1988 | Grazing management | Where initially only large ungulates (cerviduct) were referred to as the target species the ecoduct has since been regarded as a natural bridge for the widest possible range species that occur in the wider area. | The two ecoducts across the A50 were used by nearly 5,000 deer and wild boar during a 1-year period (Bank et al. 2002). Also spidersFallow deer,Ree,Scottish Highlander,moths,Viviparous lizard,sand lizard,adder,grass snake,little newt,natterjack toad,bees | Camera Traps | Oldest ecoduct in Netherlands (another ecoduct opened the same day). Species such as mice and reptiles colonize the 'new territories' on the ecoduct, deer rest and graze during the day in the middle of the ecoduct | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/WildwisselTerlet https://www.wegenwiki.nl/WildwisselTerlet https://structurae.net/en/structures/terlet-wildlife-crossing | ||
| Ecoduct Wolfhezerheide | Wolfheze | Netherlands | Gelderland | A50 | The Wolfhezerheide, after which the ecoduct is named, is a nature reserve southeast of the A50 with an area of approximately 264 hectares.Context: connects the Wolfhezerheide to the Doorwerthse Heide Pedestrian crossing.Context: connects the Wolfhezerhe | 2011 | This ecoduct is primarily designed for reptiles and amphibians, such as the smooth snake and sand lizard, | 66 species.Of large ungulates, only deer and beef use the ecoduct. Also rabbit,vole, 4 reptiles,mongrel frog,brown frog,dragonflies (low density),smooth snake,sand lizard,baran lizard,grasshoppers, butterflies. | Low usage by mammals, despite other large ungulates found in the area. | https://www.wandelmagazine.nu/wandelen-in-wolfheze-langs-wodanseiken-en-wolfhezerheide/ https://heelsumsbeekdal.nl/ecoduct-wolfhezerheide/,https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductWolfhezerheide | |||||
| Ecoduct Herperduin | Oss | Netherlands | Noord-Brabant | A50 | 2014 | 32 target species for the Natural Bridge have been identified: 21 mammal species, 1 reptile species, 9 amphibian species and 1 butterfly species.Opened for large grazers ( Tauros , Exmoor ponies and in future bison ) in 2019 | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductHerperduin | ||||||||
| Ecoduct Slabroek | Nistelrode | Netherlands | Noord-Brabant | A50 | Built to compensate for damage caused by new highway built | 2005 | To compensate for A50 construction | At overpass Slabroek the mean number of crossings per year of badger and polecat exceeded the national mean. However, crossing frequencies which were lower than the national mean were recorded for roe deer, red fox, European hare, rabbit and red squirrel, | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductSlabroek | ||||||
| Ecoduct Waterloo | Swalmen | Netherlands | Limburg | A73, Railway | 2007 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | |||||||||
| Ecopassage Swalm | Swalmen | Netherlands | Limburg | A73, River | 2008 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | |||||||||
| Ecoduct Schinheuvel | Roermond | Netherlands | Limburg | A73 | 2006 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | |||||||||
| Ecoduct Kruutsboum | Sint Odiliënberg | Netherlands | Limburg | A73, Railway | 2006 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | |||||||||
| Ecoduct Steilrand | Tegelen | Netherlands | Limburg | A74 | 2012 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | |||||||||
| Ecoduct Wambach | Tegelen | Netherlands | Limburg | A74 | 2012 | Designed for climate change driven movements of plants and animals; special design to retain water, | https://www.mjpo.nl/nieuws-publicaties/218/ecoduct-wambach-het-eerste-klimaatbestendige-ecoduct.html,https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductWambach | ||||||||
| Natuurbrug Zeepoort | Overveen | Netherlands | Noord-Holland | N200 | Part of National Ecological Netweork (EHS) to connect habitat fragments; connection within National Park Zuid-Kennemerland | 2017 | 5.5 million euros | 18 target species: 3 mammals (Fallow deer, Roe deer, Rabbit), 2 reptiles (Slowworm, Sand lizard), 1 amphibian (Natterstripe toad), a bird (Nightingale), 6 butterflies, 2 ground beetles and 3 grasshoppers | Camera traps (mammals), trap buckets (amphibians, reptiles), transects (insects), reduction of collisions | Also called Natuurbrug Zeepoort Shaped like the wing of a gull | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/NatuurbrugZeepoort | ||||
| Natuurbrug Zandpoort | Bentveld | Netherlands | Noord-Holland | N201 | Connects the 3,800 hectare large Zuid-Kennemerland National Park with the Amsterdam Waterleidingduinen (dunes) | 2013 | 9000000 | 18 target species: 3 mammals (Fallow deer, Roe deer, Rabbit), 2 reptiles (Slowworm, Sand lizard), 1 amphibian (Natterstripe toad), a bird (Nightingale), 6 butterflies, 2 ground beetles and 3 grasshoppers | Camera traps (mammals), trap buckets (amphibians, reptiles), transects (insects), reduction of collisions | _Also called Natuurbrug Zandpoort | https://www.np-zuidkennemerland.nl/2093/over-het-park/duurzaam-beheer/natuurbruggen,https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zandpoort https://www.wegenwiki.nl/NatuurbrugZandpoort | ||||
| Ecoduct Treeker Wissel | Leusden | Netherlands | Utrecht | N227 | Connects the military training area Leusderheide and the Den Treek-Henschoten estate on both sides of the N227 | 2009 | Especially for migratory animals sucha as deer | Asymmetrical shape | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/EcoductTreekerWissel | ||||||
| Ecoduct Reneé van Notten | Maarn | Netherlands | Utrecht | N227 | 2019 | Beautification | Toads, badgers, beetles, lizards, wolves, deer, grass snakes, slow worms | https://www.naturetoday.com/intl/nl/nature-reports/message/?msg=25036 | |||||||
| Ecoducts Lutrapassage en Natrixpassage | Ankeveen | Netherlands | Noord-Holland | N236 | The two passages together form an ecological corridor between the Ankeveenseplassen and the Naardermeer. | 2013 | embellished by artists | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/Lutrapassage/Natrixpassage | |||||||
| Ecoduct Boele Staal | Soesterberg | Netherlands | Utrecht | N237 | The ecoduct is part of the ecological connection between the Leusderheide and the northern part of the Utrechtse Heuvelrug | 2016 | "Heather-related species" | Fencing Artificial replanting: stumps, shrubs, trees, ponds, | Fencing Artificial replanting: stumps, shrubs, trees, ponds, | https://www.avecodebondt.nl/nl/projecten/detail/aanleg-ecoduct-boele-staal,https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductBoeleStaal | |||||
| Ecoduct Beukbergen | Soesterberg | Netherlands | Utrecht | N237 | The ecoduct is part of the Hart van de Heuvelrug ecological connection. The Boele Staal ecoduct has been constructed on the east side of Soesterberg, which is also part of this. In total, it concerns five ecoducts that will make the Utrechtse Heuvelrug on | 2009 | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductBeukbergen | ||||||||
| Ecoduct Westloonse Wissel | Prefab materials | Loon op Zand | Netherlands | Noord-Brabant | N261 | The nature bridge at Loon op Zand is one of the measures for nature compensation and will restore the connection between the Loonse and Drunense dunes on the east side with the Landgoed Huis ter Heide on the west side of the N261. | 2015 | Bats, amphibians, reptiles | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/WestloonseWissel | ||||||
| Ecoduct Klavertje 4 | Venlo | Netherlands | Limburg | N295 | Part of the Greenportlane | 2013 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | ||||||||
| Ecombiduct Op de Kievit | Nieuwstadt | Netherlands | Limburg | N297 | 2013 | movement of small animals and bats | Bats, small mammals | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecopassage | |||||||
| Natuurbrug Feldbiss | Brunssum | Netherlands | Limburg | N300 | Connects the Natura 2000 areas Brunssummerheide (522 ha) and Brandenberg (30 ha), which were separated in 1971 by the construction of the then N299 | 2017 | https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecopassage | ||||||||
| Ecoduct Clemens Cornielje | Nieuw Milligen | Netherlands | Gelderland | N302 | 2020 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | |||||||||
| Ecoduct Oud Reemst | Otterlo | Netherlands | Gelderland | N310 | The ecoduct connects the Hoge Veluwe National Park with Planken Wambuis. | 2012 | Where initially only large ungulates (cerviduct) were referred to as the target species the ecoduct has since been regarded as a natural bridge for the widest possible range species that occur in the wider area. | 78 species. Deer, hare, rabbit, birds, butterflies most frequent. Also wild boar, fox, red deer,adder, sand lizard, smooth snake,terrestrial salamander, natterjack toad, common toad,cucumber mavlinder, moor butterfly, pole butterfly,34 bird species | Camera Traps | a rare carnation was found during construction.Species such as mice and reptiles colonize the 'new territories' on the ecoduct, deer rest and graze during the day in the middle of the ecoduct | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductOudReemst | ||||
| Ecoduct Maashorst | Oss | Netherlands | Noord-Brabant | N324 | 2012 | 32 target species for the Natural Bridge have been identified: 21 mammal species, 1 reptile species, 9 amphibian species and 1 butterfly species.Recently also opened for large grazers ( Tauros , Exmoor ponies and bison ) | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductMaashorst | ||||||||
| Natuurbrug Weerribben-Wieden Muggenbeet | wood railings | Natuurbrug Weerribben-Wieden Muggenbeet | Netherlands | Overijssel | N333 | The ecoduct connects the nature reserves De Weerribben and De Wieden with each other. | fence along road | 2014 | 6000000 | movement of small animals and water boundanimals | Small and water-bound animals | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/Natuurbrug_Weerribben-Wieden | |||
| Ecoduct Aardmansberg | Nieuw Milligen | Netherlands | Gelderland | N344 | 2020 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | |||||||||
| Ecoduct Middachten | De Steeg | Netherlands | Gelderland | A348 | Final piece of the "9 Ecoducts" project, in which from 2010 a total of nine ecoducts were built on the Veluwe, the Utrechtse Heuvelrug and the Sallandse Heuvelrug. | 2013 | Where initially only large ungulates (cerviduct) were referred to as the target species the ecoduct has since been regarded as a natural bridge for the widest possible range species that occur in the wider area. | Camera Traps | Species such as mice and reptiles colonize the 'new territories' on the ecoduct, deer rest and graze during the day in the middle of the ecoduct | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | |||||
| Ecoduct De Grimberg | Wierden | Netherlands | Overijssel | N350 | Connects the Grimbergerveld with the Veldhoek-Kampen. The region is a slightly fragmented forest area north of the river Regge. | 2013 | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductdeGrimberg | ||||||||
| Ecoduct Leenderbosch | Valkenswaard | Netherlands | Noord-Brabant | N396 | The ecoduct connects the Valkenhorst nature reserve to the north of the ecoduct with the Leenderbos, a coniferous forest south of Eindhoven | 2014 | https://www.wegenwiki.nl/EcoductLeenderbos | ||||||||
| Ecoduct Over Heide | Goirle | Netherlands | Noord-Brabant | N630 | Connects the Gorp en Roovert nature reserve with the Regte Heide | 2019 | deer, badger, stone marten, fox, polecat, weasel, ermine, rabbit, hare and various small amphibians, | Deer, badger, stone marten, fox, polecat, weasel, ermine, rabbit, hare and various small amphibians, | Monitoring efforts for three years with camera traps | monitoring efforts for three years with camera traps artificial replanting with thickets of native veg, stumps, pools, | https://ecoassist.nl/projecten/ecoduct-over-heide/,https://www.faunapassagegoirle.nl/nieuws/faunapassage-over-heide-officieel-geopend | ||||
| Ecoduct Op Hees | Den Dolder | Netherlands | Utrecht | Railway | One of the five ecoducts built within the Hart van de Heuvelrug program. This ecoduct was built over the rail link between Amersfoort, Soest and Utrecht. The ecoduct is part of the two ecological connections (corridors) in Hart van de Heuvelrug | 2013 | https://www.hartvandeheuvelrug.nl/gerealiseerde-projecten/ecoduct-op-hees/ | ||||||||
| Ecoduct De Vloedgraaf | Nieuwstadt | Netherlands | Limburg | Railway | In combination with the Vloedgraaf brook | 2010 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | ||||||||
| Ecoduct Duinpoort | Zandvoort | Netherlands | Noord-Holland | Railway | North of the track between Zandvoort and Haarlem are the Kennemerduinen and Kraansvlak. And on the south side are the De Koningshof estate forest and the Elswout estate. These nature reserves are part of the Zuid-Kennemerland National Park | 2018 | 18 target species: 3 mammals (Fallow deer, Roe deer, Rabbit), 2 reptiles (Slowworm, Sand lizard), 1 amphibian (Natterstripe toad), a bird (Nightingale), 6 butterflies, 2 ground beetles and 3 grasshoppers | Camera traps (mammals), trap buckets (amphibians, reptiles), transects (insects), reduction of collisions | https://www.prorail.nl/projecten/ecoduct-duinpoort | ||||||
| Ecoduct De Mortelen | Best | Netherlands | Noord-Brabant | Railway | Multi-year defragmentation program | 2020 | roe deer, badgers, roe deer, great crested newts, slow worms and lizards, | Multi-year defragmentation program, | https://www.prorail.nl/projecten/eindhoven-boxtel-aanleg-ecoduct-de-mortelen,https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | ||||||
| Ecoduct Asselsche Heide | Hoog Soeren | Netherlands | Gelderland | Railway | 2019 | https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LijstvanecoducteninNederland | |||||||||
| Burgemeester Letschertburg | steel, plastic, concrete, cables | Tilburg | Netherlands | Noord-Brabant | Wilhelminakanaal | Two identical road bridges cross the Wilhelminakanaal and the third, thin bridge is an ecoduct. It twists both horizontally and vertically | 2012 | https://www.dearchitect.nl/architectuur/nieuws/2012/10/burgemeester-letschertbrug-een-brug-met-een-twist-101136437 | |||||||
| Hague Squirrel Bridge | Steel overpass | The Hague | Netherlands | South Holland | N44 | They have this bridge so the squirrels on the one side of the road can have sex with the squirrels on the other side to prevent inbreeding | 2012 | 144000 | Give squirrels safe passage between the Haagse Bos forest and Oosterbeen, and Clingedel park | Squirrels | Squirrels | Montiored using CCTV cameras on the bridge | A camera monitoring the bridge has shown that squirrels largely ignore the bridge. Only used 5 times. | https://structurae.net/en/structures/squirrel-bridge, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3462228/Mayor-insists-120-000-bridge-built-SQUIRRELS-cross-busy-road-Holland-not-waste-money-despite-five-animals-using-four-years.html | |
| Badger Tunnels | Heumen | Netherlands | Gelderland | A73 | 20% of badger population used to be hit by vehicles; badger tunnels were made in the early 90s, found successful, and now made widely | strong, taller fencing to prevent climbing and digging under; escape gates for those who do make it onto the roadway | 1990 | European badger | European badger, foxes, rabbits, hedgehogs | Infared cameras and tracks in the sand | Monitoring reveals that the tunnels are used almost every night | https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/crittercrossings/badger.cfm | |||
| Blue Penguin Underpass | Oamaru Harbor | New Zealand | Otago | Waterfront Road | Blue penguins move from the ocean (where they feed) back to the colony (where they have chicks); the roadway and blinding traffic lights are a hazard | A little light at the end of the tunnel to guide the way, | 2016 | Blue penguin | Blue penguins | video camera, researchers | took three weeks to build; residents were worried that their "free" sightings of penguins would decline. Hi Erin, this last year has been a bit patchy in terms of data collection because of covid, but the previous year we were getting up to 40 penguins us | https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/12/asia/nz-penguin-underpass/index.html https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/new-underpass-helps-new-zealand-penguins-cross-busy-road-180961081/, https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/cutestuff/86744081/little-blue-penguins-t | |||
| South Portugal Culvert Passages (1) | Alentejo | Portugal | Alentejo | M370 | Non-wildlife culverts on two very different roads were monitored to see what factors impact use by animals | not designed for animal use! | AmphibiAns, reptiles, lagomorphs, small mammals, carnivores, domestic cats and dogs | marble dust track pads | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11284-006-0004-1#ref-CR20 | ||||||
| South Portugal Culvert Passages (2) | Alentejo | Portugal | Alentejo | IP2 | Non-wildlife culverts on two very different roads were monitored to see what factors impact use by animals | not designed for animal use! | Amphibians, reptiles, lagomorphs, small mammals, carnivores, domestic cats and dogs | marble dust track pads | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11284-006-0004-1#ref-CR20 | ||||||
| Narvinsky Tunnel (For Cars) | reinforced concrete | Primorsky krai | Russia | Primorsky province | Razdolnoye-Khasan highway (A189) | The Amur leopard is critically endangered, with only an extremely small population in the double digits; this highway bisects critical habitat and would cause incerased genetic isolation | 2016 | 1.8 billion Rubles | Amur leopard | The tunnel is the result of more than a decade of research on the rare leopards. Scientists spent years tracking their migratory habits, gathering information on the elusive animals both for general | https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/79902/russia-builds-tunnel-help-endangered-leopards-migrate-safely,https://undergroundexpert.info/en/underground-space-use/implemented-projects/the-narvinsky-tunnel-for-amur-leopards-protection/ https://wwf.ru/en/resour | ||||
| Eco-Link@BKE | hour-glass shaped | BKE | Singapore | Bukit Timah Expressway | Reconnects the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve to the Central Catchment Nature Reserve | 2013 | wildlife fatalities on the road (2 pangolins killed annually), genetic diversity, inhibited seed dispersal, habitat reduction for species | Sunda pangolin, common palm civet, long-tailed macaque, slender squirrel, glossy horseshoe cat, lesser Asiatic yellow bat, pouched tomb cat, blue-eared kingfisher, emerald dove | Camera traps | first ecological bridge in Asia no pangolin fatalities after bridge constructed the hope is that as trees mature, monkeys will also make the crossing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-Link@BKE | ||||
| Mandai Wildlife Bridge | Mandai Lake Road | Singapore | Mandai Lake Road | Reconnects parts of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve that have been separated for 60 years | fencing to funnel animals | 2019 | *wildlife fatalities NOT cited as a primary reason* | Sunda pangolin, colugos , | Wild boar, mousedder, civet cat, pengolin | Surveillence cameras and camera traps | It will be 5-10 years before the forest is mature and all species can cross safetly it does not DIRECTLY connect parts of the Reserve; instead, it connects two buffer zones and more reforesting will be necessary to complete the connection | https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/new-wildlife-bridge-now-open-in-mandai-but-its-animals-only-please,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MandaiWildlifeBridge https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/safer-animal-crossings-mandai-wildlife-bridge-120 | |||
| Hôrka Wildlife Crossing | Hôrka | Slovakia | Prešov | D1 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/horka-wildlife-crossing | ||||||||||
| Brengova Ecoduct | Brengova | Slovenia | Cerkvenjak | A5 | 2008 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/brengova-ecoduct | |||||||||
| Gancani Ecoduct | Murska Sobota | Slovenia | Prekmurje | A5 | guardrail | 2008 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/gancani-ecoduct | ||||||||
| Lenart Ecoduct | Zamarkova | Slovenia | Cerkvenjak | A5/E653 | 2008 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/lenart-ecoduct | |||||||||
| Mostje Ecoduct | Mostje | Slovenia | Prekmurje | A5 | 2008 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/mostje-ecoduct | |||||||||
| Urbarialni Gozd Ecoduct | Banuta | Slovenia | Prekmurje | A5 | 2008 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/urbarialni-gozd-ecoduct | |||||||||
| Moravský Svätý Ján Green Bridge | Moravský Svätý Ján | Slovakia | Trnava Region | D2 | Part of the Alps-Carpathian Corridor Project, connecting natural areas across the D2 near the Czech border | wooden walls for damping effect | 5980000 | Camera traps, print monitoring | http://www.interreg-danube.eu/media/download/20922 | ||||||
| Can Pagá Overpass | Can Pagá | Spain | Barcelona | Railway | https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B040'29.7%22N+2%C2%B026'39.7%22E/@41.674929,2.4421723,672m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m14!1m7!3m6!1s0x12a4ccc90f97db7f:0x3d458eb27b0e1300!2sCan+Pag%C3%A0,+08460+Santa+Maria+de+Palautordera,+Barcelona,+Spain!3b1!8m2!3d41.677 | ||||||||||
| Central Iberian Culverts | Greater Madrid | Spain | Central Iberian Peninsula | Road, Railway | 17 pre-exisiting culverts of varying size and characteristics were analyzed for wildlife usage; not structures designed for animal crossings | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Mice, shrews, rabbits, cats, wildcats, foxes, genets, amphibians, snakes, lizards, hedgehog, weasel | marble dust strips | https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46845503/0006-320728942900028-o20160627-13749-13jdgw1.pdf?1467083723=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DPermeabilityofroadsandrailwaystove.pdf&Expires=1614609613&Signature=IkaxuU1tzbkIhosEY2F9c | |||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 1 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 2 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 3 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 4 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 5 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 6 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 7 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 8 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 9 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 10 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 11 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 12 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 13 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 14 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 15 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 16 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Madrid-Seville Railway Wildlife Passage 17 | Montes de Toledo | Spain | Iberian Peninsula | Railway | The HSR Madric-Seville railway bisects two mountainous areas, including the Montes de Toledo where this study was conducted; the use of passages over and under the railway by wildlife was studied using sand pits | 2m fence with barbed wire | 1992 | not designed for animal use! | Carnivores, lagomorphs, small mammals, reptiles | sand pits | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2404791.pdf?casatoken=-PCgvSOiNW0AAAAA:-gKhEfdL2UXHuXYYd4pO-5ZxIT6s3EZ8-tLPDRjdaLkKMibLukx9WazmL32ZH1lwoZXtXghZU9zFDYU4xUad1loj7uVrZiBZ1I4Lwr1gMsJ4Y9eq1c | ||||
| Sweden Reindeer Passages | Umea | Sweden | Norrbotten, Västerbotten counties | Sweden is to build up to a dozen bridges so reindeer can safely cross railway lines and major roads in the north of the country as global heating forces them to roam further afield in search of food. | 2m fencing so reindeer don't jump off | 2021 | climate change mitigation, increased droughts and wildfires, need to move more for forage, road fatalities | Reindeer | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/20/sweden-to-build-bridges-for-reindeer-to-safely-cross-roads-and-railways | ||||||
| Swedish Moose Overpasses | Uddevalla | Sweden | Västra Götaland County | E6 | Mosaic of spruce and pine forest and farmland in southwestern Sweden; the E6 was doubled in size and fenced; the effect of the fencing and expansion on moose use of wildlife crossings is explored | 2004 | Moose | Moose | radio collar, camera trap, sand pads | https://bioone.org/journals/wildlife-biology/volume-14/issue-1/0909-6396(2008)14[111:EOHFAW]2.0.CO;2/Effects-of-highway-fencing-and-wildlife-crossings-on-moose-Alces/10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[111:EOHFAW]2.0.CO;2.full | |||||
| Swedish Moose Underpass | Uddevalla | Sweden | Västra Götaland County | E6 | Mosaic of spruce and pine forest and farmland in southwestern Sweden; the E6 was doubled in size and fenced; the effect of the fencing and expansion on moose use of wildlife crossings is explored | 2000 | Moose | Moose | radio collar, camera trap, sand pads | https://bioone.org/journals/wildlife-biology/volume-14/issue-1/0909-6396(2008)14[111:EOHFAW]2.0.CO;2/Effects-of-highway-fencing-and-wildlife-crossings-on-moose-Alces/10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[111:EOHFAW]2.0.CO;2.full | |||||
| Brienzwiler Wildlife Crossing | Brienzwiler | Switzerland | Berne | N4 | Badger, fox, marten and red and roe deer | https://structurae.net/en/structures/brienzwiler-wildlife-crossing,https://onedrive.live.com/?cid=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5&id=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5%21271717&parId=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5%21270726&o=OneUp | |||||||||
| Isenburg Tunnel | Zürich | Switzerland | Zürich | A4 | 2009 | No information available | https://structurae.net/en/structures/isenberg-tunnel | ||||||||
| Le Maria Wildlife Crossing | Basse-Allaine | Switzerland | Jura | A16 | 2011 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/le-maira-wildlife-crossing | |||||||||
| Les Combes Wildlife Crossing | Courtedoux | Switzerland | Jura | A16 | 2014 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/les-combes-wildlife-crossing | |||||||||
| Stock Wildlife Crossing | Biel | Switzerland | Berne | A5 | Connects forested areas (Wildwechsel Moeoesli) | 2001 | https://structurae.net/en/structures/stock-wildlife-crossing | ||||||||
| Kabinburi Highway 304 Wild Life Corridor Project | Kabinburi | Thailand | Prachinburi | Hwy 304 | Connects Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex (made of Khao Yau National Park and Thaplan National Park) | noise barriers, fencing at the start and end of underpass | 2019 | 1,319,257,000 Baht | Guar, Sambar, Southern Red Muntjac, Elephant, Bear, Deer, amphibians, small mammals | Immediately upon opening, they captured pictures of many animals nearby, including barking deer, deer, serow, leopard cats, wild boar and monkeys. | CCTV, sand trap, ranger unit | Underpass for amphibians and small mammals | https://www.neda.or.th/home/uploads/download/HXSyxt8rvxv9UC3YDIp.pdf, https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1641392/animals-seen-near-new-wildlife-corridor-over-highway-304 | ||
| NJ Turtle Tunnels | Wooden fencing, concrete tunnel, metal grated top | Bedminster Township | United States | New Jersey | River Road | The North Branch of the Raritan River is separated from hundreds of acres of natural area and parkland due to River Road. Turtles try to cross it and have high mortality rates. Tunnels help them cross to breed and lay eggs in wetlands | Angled fencing (wood) guides turtles into the tunnels; top is a metal grate, inside is made of concrete | 2015 | $116175 | To help threatened wood turtles cross the road to breed and lay eggs | Wood turtle, frogs, salamanders | Wood frog,American Toad,Green Frog,Mole/vole,Spring Peeper,Snapping Turtle,Painted Turtle,Garter Snake,4-toed Salamander,Red potted Newt,Bull Frog,Two-lined Salamander,Box Turtle,Water Snake,Northern Brown Snake,Red Fox,Opossum,Skunk,Raccoon,Chipmunk | Montclair State University conducted study in 2015 with 10 pitfall traps, road mortality counts | 150 animals a day are reported using the tubes during peak season Wood turtles are a state-threatened species | https://www.netwc.org/uploads/2/0/9/4/20948254/brian_zarate.pdf,https://www.njconservation.org/tunnel-vision-helping-wildlife-cross-the-road/ https://www.njfishandwildlife.com/ensp/pdf/chanjriverrdtunnel.pdf, https://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/ensp/chanj_pro |
| Assunpink WMA Wildlife Passage System | Two under-road tunnels and fencing that will guide animals to the tunnels; concerete interior, metal grating on road | Upper Freehold Township, Assunpink WMA | United States | New Jersey | roadway | Two tunnels help connect fragmented wetland without making animals touch pavement. This crossing is specifically for Bog Turtles! It's only a couple years old and there is possibly data on crossing usage. The delicate part of this crossing is that the fac | 2018 | To reduce road kill and reconnect habitat fragments | bog turtles | bog turtles | Division staff are monitoring wildlife habitat use and counting dead-on-road animals both during and after construction | The delicate part of this crossing is that the fact that bog turtles use it must remain a secrete. Bog turtles are a rare and highly poached species. If the public knew bog turtles used the crossing, people with bad intentions may capitalize on that infor | https://www.njfishandwildlife.com/wmarestoration-assunpink.htm, https://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/ensp/chanj_projects-partners.htm | ||
| Bobcat Alley | Warren and Sussex counties | United States | New Jersey | A ridge-to-ridge greenway runs from the Kittatinny to the Highlands. It contains mixed forest and multiple creeks that drain into the Paulins Kill | 2020 | Bobcat | Bobcat | Camera traps | 1/3 of the land is protected, so this is a work in progress | https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/new-jersey/stories-in-new-jersey/building-bobcat-alley/ https://www.nj.com/warren/2018/03/bobcatalleynewjerseyconservation.html, https://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/ensp/chanj_projects-partners | |||||
| Waterloo Road Amphibian Passage System | Polymer concrete, spaced 200 ft apart | Byram Township | United States | New Jersey | County Road 604/Waterloo Rd | Four polymer concrete tunnels underneath a busy NJ road (10,000 cars a day!) that bisects seasonal amphibian habitats. Salamanders, frogs, etc. crossing the road are killed by traffic; a few species are of special concern; surrounded by Allamuchy State Pa | Guide fences | 2022 | 500000 | wood frogs, spring peepers, Jefferson salamanders (species of special concern), and spotted salamander (species of special concern), American toads, green frogs, possibly northern red salamanders | Pre- and post-monitoring | _At Waterloo Road in Byram, more than 300 salamanders and frogs per hour have been tallied crossing a quarter-mile stretch on peak migration nights. Their goal is to reach the vernal pool on the other side, lay eggs, and journey back to the forest again. | https://www.njfishandwildlife.com/ensp/pdf/chanjprojwaterloo.pdf https://conservewildlife.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=25c33044bb2841b492d40da4c0f1faac, https://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/ensp/chanj_projects-partners.htm | ||
| National Elk Refuge Migration Corridor | Fencing (wood, link metal) | Greater Yellowstone | United States | Wyoming | ranching fences, roadways | Elk (and other animals) make seasonal migrations that are hindered by ranching fences and roadways; to reduce fatalities and make migration easier, old ranching fences are removed and elk jumps are created to divert road crossings to less trafficked areas | Guide fences | 1996 | Elk | Pronghorn, bighorn sheep, elk | https://jhwildlife.org/wildlife-friendly-landscapes/ | ||||
| Ocelot Underpass | Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge | United States | Texas | FM 106 | Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge has one of only two populations of Ocelots in the United States. The FM 106 runs through the park, bisecting habitat and posing a threat to wildlife when crossing | 2019 | Expanding ocelot habitat range | Ocelot | Alligators, armadillos, bobcats, coyotes, javelina, long-tailed weasels, opossums, rabbits, raccoons, skunks and tortoises | Camera traps | https://www.fws.gov/news/blog/index.cfm/2020/2/24/Its-a-First-Ocelot-Crosses-Under-the-Road | ||||
| Texas Bobcat Crossings | unspecified | George West | United States | Texas | US Highway 281 | 4-lane highway dividing Rio Grande Plains habitat; bobcats were monitored to determine their use of wildlife crossing structures | *some* have fencing, some not | Bobcat | Bobcat, ocelot, feral cat | radio collars, roadkill surveys, camera traps, track stations | 5 of the 14 culverts were upgraded with catwalks (raised cement) to help with bobcat movement | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703000235?casatoken=ioQ1tWw8KyMAAAAA:jg8laXgmAkXTgOwFcdydcsxTVoSoWw0T3YxrtsBQyeeRxmw0asy4jfHApdZg7T9JBbgM-OrW | |||
| Liberty Canon Wildlife Crossing | Los Angeles | United States | California | 101 | A ten-lane highway north of the city will have a massive overpass for mountain lions (and other wildlife) to move from one forested area to another; It would connect the Santa Monica Mountains to the south with Simi Hills to the north. It crosses 10 lanes | 2021 | 87000000 USD | escape from climate-change driven forest fires | Mountain lions, coyotes, deer, lizards, snakes and other wild animals | will be the biggest wildlife overpass when completed; mostly from private funds, in response to climate change driven forest fires | https://www.fastcompany.com/90566871/this-massive-wildlife-crossing-will-help-protect-wildlife-from-la-drivers-on-the-101 | ||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 1 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 118 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 2 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 118 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 3 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 118 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 4 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 118 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 5 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 118 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 6 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 118 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 7 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 118 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 8 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 118 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 9 | Los Angeles | United States | California | State Route 23 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 10 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 101 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 11 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 101 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 12 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 101 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 13 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 101 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 14 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 101 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Los Angeles Highways Underpass 15 | Los Angeles | United States | California | US Highway 101 | three major highways located on the eastern edge of Ventura County, California, just west of the San Fernando Valley and adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area: Thsee three highways—US Highway 101, State Route 23, and US Highway 118—border the Simi | not intended for wildlife crossings! | Humans, cats, dogs, cows, mountain lion, bobcat, deer, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, spotted skunk, cottontail rabbit, rodents | camera traps, gypsum track stations | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703001666?casatoken=UeYNagEBQEAAAAA:qEgFu2zUC7iKGW9JMCzsoB2PeTU81aTuPgupq0-HNzU3mkfQzhZZvYgwUoMm4ORMr0UYniuP | ||||||
| Nutty Narrows Squirrel Brudge | Suspension bridge made of aluminium, retired fire hose. Worlds' Narrowest Bridge | Longview | United States | Washington | Olympic Way | U.S. National Register of Historic Places, connects two trees over Olympia Road | 1963 | 1000 | Squirrels | Squirrels | Community engaged; restoration in 1983 was attended by 300 children with celebration there are now 4 bridges (last one added in 2013); the info in this row is for the originalne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NuttyNarrowsBridge https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/9781 https://www.knkx.org/post/nutty-fourth-squirrel-bridge-coming-longview | |||
| Toad Hollow | decorated outsides (mini houses, frog statues, signs, etc.); metal crossbar entrance | Davis | United States | California | 2020 Fifth St. Davis, CA | Toads were being hit by cars, made worse when the dirt road was turned into a 6-lane; nature-lovers pushed for toad protection and the funds for tunnels were given | 1995 | 14000 | Toads | Toads have died out in the area. Toads would not use them at first; then lights were added. Then the lights roasted some of the frogs. Birds would wait at the tunnel exit and pick off toads | https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/12663, https://www.heraldnet.com/news/why-didnt-the-toad-use-the-tunnel-to-cross-the-road/ | ||||
| Keechelus Wildlife Overpass | Keechelus Lake | United States | Washington | I-90 | 2018 | Bobcat,wolves, red fox, gophers, hares, frogs, voles, squirrels, | In 2019, coyotes used the new wildlife bridges east of Snoqualmie Pass to safely cross under and over the busy freeway more than 205 times, with 1,928 crossings by mule deer, 71 by elk, and hundreds more by various smaller mammals ranging from beavers to | Remote cameras; I-90 Wildlife Watch (people report sightings of wildlife, dead or alive); Citizen Wildlife Monitoring Project (community volunteers, snow tracking, carcass reports, etc.) | https://i90wildlifebridges.org/species-that-will-utilize-overpass/, | https://www.conservationnw.org/update-on-i-90-wildlife-crossings/,https://www.conservationnw.org/our-work/habitat/i-90/ https://www.conservationnw.org/update-on-i-90-wildlife-crossings/ | |||||
| Snoqualmie Overpass | Keechelus Lake | United States | Washington | I-90 | Remote cameras; I-90 Wildlife Watch (people report sightings of wildlife, dead or alive); Citizen Wildlife Monitoring Project (community volunteers, snow tracking, carcass reports, etc.) | https://www.conservationnw.org/our-work/habitat/i-90/ https://www.conservationnw.org/update-on-i-90-wildlife-crossings/ | |||||||||
| Gold Creek Underpasses | Keechelus Lake | United States | Washington | I-90 | Both terrestrial and aquatic crossing under I-90; North-South connection | Elk | Elk | Remote cameras; I-90 Wildlife Watch (people report sightings of wildlife, dead or alive); Citizen Wildlife Monitoring Project (community volunteers, snow tracking, carcass reports, etc.) | https://i90wildlifewatch.org/elk-find-safe-passage-under-i-90-thanks-to-wildlife-crossings,hopefully wolves and wolverines start using them | ,https://www.conservationnw.org/our-work/habitat/i-90/ https://www.conservationnw.org/update-on-i-90-wildlife-crossings/, https://i90wildlifewatch.org/elk-find-safe-passage-under-i-90-thanks-to-wildlife-crossings,Elk, deer, bull trout, kokanee salmon | |||||
| Rocky Run Creek Underpass | Keechelus Lake | United States | Washington | I-90 | Aquatic and terrestrial connection between Lake Keechelus and thick forest to the north | spawning bull trout | Bull trout | Remote cameras; I-90 Wildlife Watch (people report sightings of wildlife, dead or alive); Citizen Wildlife Monitoring Project (community volunteers, snow tracking, carcass reports, etc.) | https://www.conservationnw.org/our-work/habitat/i-90/ https://www.conservationnw.org/update-on-i-90-wildlife-crossings/ | ||||||
| Resort Creek Underpass | Keechelus Lake | United States | Washington | I-90 | Aquatic and terrestrial connection between Lake Keechelus and thick forest to the north | Fish and wildlife | Remote cameras; I-90 Wildlife Watch (people report sightings of wildlife, dead or alive); Citizen Wildlife Monitoring Project (community volunteers, snow tracking, carcass reports, etc.) | https://www.conservationnw.org/our-work/habitat/i-90/ https://www.conservationnw.org/update-on-i-90-wildlife-crossings/ | |||||||
| Janis Bridge Underpass | Okanogan Valley | United States | Washington | Highway 97 | Legislator prevented original construction plans to improve road crossing near Janis Bridge; 350 deer are hit and killed along this stretch of highways every year; it costs $2,275,000 annually with an average of $6,500 vehicular damage | cattle guards and fencing | 2019 | reduce wildlife fatalities and damage to property | Mule deer; Canada lynx | Mule deer | https://www.conservationnw.org/news-updates/safe-passage-97-moving-forward/ | ||||
| Watchung Reservation Land Bridges | Scotch Plains | United States | New Jersey | I-78 | When I-78 was built, conservationists were concerned that it was bisecting the northern parts of Watchung Reservation and the wildlife bridges were built to mitigate those concerns. Environmentalists fought against the construction of a new interstate hig | 1986 | white-tailed deer | deer, rabbits | While there’s evidence that the I-78 overpasses are used by raccoons, foxes, deer, skunks, possums and squirrels, Zarate said they probably wouldn’t be built in the same locations today. | https://www.njconservation.org/tunnel-vision-helping-wildlife-cross-the-road/, https://lostinjersey.wordpress.com/2009/03/19/the-bunny-bridge-of-watchung/ http://www.headfirstadventures.com/2013/03/28/highway-crossings/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch | |||||
| Animals' Trail Overpass | Flathead Indian Reservation | United States | Montana | Highway 93 | Montana is #2 in wildlife collisions; 13,000 deer are killed and 211 human fatalities occur annually; this costs people between $1-8 billion | Black bear, grizzly bear, mule deer, white-tailed deer, domestic cats, domestic dogs, owls | Camera traps; on the ground monitoring (14 years) | https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/research-on-highway-93-wildlife-crossings-nearly-complete/articlea4d6bdce-b6d3-51e9-ac12-9d467ba46d86.html https://westerntransportationinstitute.org/programs/road-ecology/peoples-way-partnershi | |||||||
| Flathead Indian Reservation Underpass Culverts | Flathead Indian Reservation | United States | Montana | Highway 93 | Different kinds of culverts | Black bear, grizzly bear, mule deer, white-tailed deer, domestic cats, domestic dogs, owls | Camera traps | https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/research-on-highway-93-wildlife-crossings-nearly-complete/articlea4d6bdce-b6d3-51e9-ac12-9d467ba46d86.html https://westerntransportationinstitute.org/programs/road-ecology/peoples-way-partnershi | |||||||
| Flathead Indian Reservation Underpass Open Bridges | Flathead Indian Reservation | United States | Montana | Highway 93 | Different open span bridges | Black bear, grizzly bear, mule deer, white-tailed deer, domestic cats, domestic dogs, owls | Camera traps | https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/research-on-highway-93-wildlife-crossings-nearly-complete/articlea4d6bdce-b6d3-51e9-ac12-9d467ba46d86.html https://westerntransportationinstitute.org/programs/road-ecology/peoples-way-partnershi | |||||||
| Florida Bear Underpass | Rock Springs Run State Park | United States | Florida | State 46 | Bear "kill zones" were identified and this culvert was built to help bears (and other animals) cross the road | pine trees planted in a row to help guide bears | 2016 | Florida black bear | Florida black bear, bobcats, gray foxes, whitetail deer | https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/crittercrossings/bear.cfm | |||||
| Massachusetts Salamander Tunnels | Amherst | United States | Massachusetts | Henry St | Every year, spotted salamanders cross Henry St to reach vernal pools to mate and lay their eggs. Usually, Henry St is complete carnage, but two tunnels with drift fencing were built to help the salamanders cross safely | drift fencing to guide salamanders | 1987 | Spotted salamander | Spotted salamander | Volunteers attached paper circles to salamanders at each tunnel to make sure both were in use and not posing a barrier | The tunnels are 200 ft apart | https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/crittercrossings/salamand.cfm https://www.boston.com/cars/news-and-reviews/2015/03/25/there-are-teeny-tiny-underpasses-for-salamanders-in-massachusetts | |||
| Glacier National Park Goat Underpass | Glacier National Park | United States | Montana | Highway 2 | Mountain goats like to travel to a natural salt lick near Middle Fork of the Flathead River and would be disturbed by the highway | wall, fence, and line of trees to direct movement | 1979 | Mountain goat | Mountain goat | success! All mountain goat crossings toward the salt lick use the underpass; this increased the visits and stays at the salt lick | https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/crittercrossings/goat.cfm | ||||
| Paynes Prarie State Preserve | Paynes Prarie State Preserve | United States | Florida | US 441 | This small stretch of road had more roadkill than any other part of the state, with thousands killed annually of more than 80 species; in a habitat that is (depending on rainfall) a prarie, marsh, or small lake; FDOT built wall and culvert system to reduc | A wall with a "lip" similar to ones used in zoo settings discourage animals from climbing over and divert them into culverts | 1996 | reptiles and amphibians,reptiles and amphibians,reptiles and amphibians, | 9 fish species, 2 salamander species, 11 frog species, American alligator, lizard, 11 snake spcies, 12 mammal species | roadkill surveys, funnel traps, sand track pads, active and incidental observations | won the Globe Engineering Award | https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/crittercrossings/amphibin.cfm https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703004087?casatoken=At4N4e8fo0AAAAA:GAjr3muSfBkwYcy3mt9ysICewFuC2uTxBY0HeMGNyUo5oy-1YuwtV1Di6J9exrxI2g-YF7u | |||
| Paynes Prarie State Preserve | Paynes Prarie State Preserve | United States | Florida | US 441 | This small stretch of road had more roadkill than any other part of the state, with thousands killed annually of more than 80 species; in a habitat that is (depending on rainfall) a prarie, marsh, or small lake; FDOT built wall and culvert system to reduc | A wall with a "lip" similar to ones used in zoo settings discourage animals from climbing over and divert them into culverts | 1996 | reptiles and amphibians,reptiles and amphibians,reptiles and amphibians, | 9 fish species, 2 salamander species, 11 frog species, American alligator, lizard, 11 snake spcies, 12 mammal species | roadkill surveys, funnel traps, sand track pads, active and incidental observations | won the Globe Engineering Award | https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/crittercrossings/amphibin.cfm https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703004087?casatoken=At4N4e8fo0AAAAA:GAjr3muSfBkwYcy3mt9ysICewFuC2uTxBY0HeMGNyUo5oy-1YuwtV1Di6J9exrxI2g-YF7u | |||
| Paynes Prarie State Preserve | Paynes Prarie State Preserve | United States | Florida | US 441 | This small stretch of road had more roadkill than any other part of the state, with thousands killed annually of more than 80 species; in a habitat that is (depending on rainfall) a prarie, marsh, or small lake; FDOT built wall and culvert system to reduc | A wall with a "lip" similar to ones used in zoo settings discourage animals from climbing over and divert them into culverts | 1996 | reptiles and amphibians,reptiles and amphibians,reptiles and amphibians, | 9 fish species, 2 salamander species, 11 frog species, American alligator, lizard, 11 snake spcies, 12 mammal species | roadkill surveys, funnel traps, sand track pads, active and incidental observations | won the Globe Engineering Award | https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/crittercrossings/amphibin.cfm https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703004087?casatoken=At4N4e8fo0AAAAA:GAjr3muSfBkwYcy3mt9ysICewFuC2uTxBY0HeMGNyUo5oy-1YuwtV1Di6J9exrxI2g-YF7u | |||
| Marjorie Harris Carr Cross-Florida Greenway Overpa | Marion County | United States | Florida | Over Interstate 75 near Ocala | The Marjorie Harris Carr Cross-Florida Greenway was split for years by the I-75 highway, but this overpass reconnects the greenway for humans and animals | 2000 | Black bear, deer, foxes, coyotes | first "land bridge" in US serves humans during the day, animals during the nights | https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/crittercrossings/overpass.cfm | ||||||
| Parley's Summit Wildlife Bridge | Parley's Summit | United States | Utah | I-80 | This stretch of road was known as "Slaughter Row" due to all of the road kill; $5 million of a $22 million road improvement plan was set aside for the construction of an overpass; it is the SECOND animal crossing in Utah and is the largest | 2018 | $5000000 | Deer, moose, elk | Moose, elk, racoons, deer, bobcat, black bear, cougar, yellow-bellied marmot, porcupines | Camera trap monitoring | https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/i-80-wildlife-overpass https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/animals-are-using-utahs-largest-wil | ||||
| Pequops Wildlife Crossing Project (Overpasses) | Elko County | United States | Nevada | US Hwy 93 | Both were built to reduce wildlife collisions, citing concerns for property damage and risk to drivers being the reason; Reconnect mule deer migration path and The crossings improve regional traffic safety and habitat connectivity by reduce collisions as | 3 miles of fencing | 2010 | $1,800,000 and $3,100,000 | safety of drivers | Mule deer | Mule deer | Motion detectors and cameras | No collisions since the completion of the bridge (in that area) Two of 9 safety crossings with 60 miles of 8 foot fencing on 1-80 and I-93 at a cost of $14 million. Span 200 feet each | https://naes.unr.edu/research/researchproject.aspx?GrantID=660 https://elkodaily.com/news/local/overpass-equals-safety-wildlife-use-u-s-93-bridge/article14dc6fb2-d86a-11df-be8c-001cc4c03286.html https://elkodaily.com/opinion/editorial/editorial-highways | |
| Elko County Underpasses | Elko County | United States | Nevada | US Hwy 93 | To reduce wildlife collisions with traffic | 2010 | 2200000 | Mule deer | Mule deer | Motion detectors and cameras | https://naes.unr.edu/research/researchproject.aspx?GrantID=660 https://elkodaily.com/news/local/overpass-equals-safety-wildlife-use-u-s-93-bridge/article14dc6fb2-d86a-11df-be8c-001cc4c03286.html https://elkodaily.com/opinion/editorial/editorial-highways | ||||
| Oracle Road Overpass | Tuscon | United States | Arizona | Oracle Road | 2016 | 9500000 | Mule deer, bighorn sheep | 11 species. Antelope jackrabbit, bobcat, coyote,desert cottontial, gray fox, javeelina, mule deer, pack rat.Over 98% of the crossings are by four species: mule deer, javelina, bobcat, and coyote. | 4-year monitoring program. Wildlife monitoring cameras | Over 10,000 wildlife crossings have been documented by AGFD cameras – 10,843 to be exact. These crossings are fairly evenly split between both structures, with 5,490 crossings at the overpass and 5,353 at the underpass. | https://www.sonorandesert.org/learning-more/wildlife-linkages-2/oracle-road-wildlife-crossings-2/oracle-road-wildlife-crossings-the-results/, https://www.sonorandesert.org/2020/04/22/the-latest-monitoring-data-from-the-oracle-road-wildlife-crossings/, htt | ||||
| Oracle Road Underpass | Natural light comes in through the "skylight" that is the median between directions of traffic; "bowl" shaped dirt entrance to reduce traffic disturbance | Tuscon | United States | Arizona | Oracle Road | Catalina mountains and Big Wash connection | 2016 | (with above) | deer, bighorn, sheep,Deer, bighorn sheep | 25 species, including badger,bobcat, coyote, jackrabbit, desert spiny lizard, fray fox, javelnina, squirrel, bat, coati,mule deer, bighorn, sheep,Deer, bighorn sheep.Over 98% of the crossings are by four species: mule deer, javelina, bobcat, and coyote. | 4-year monitoring program.Tracks in the dirt; Wildlife monitoring cameras | Over 10,000 wildlife crossings have been documented by AGFD cameras – 10,843 to be exact. These crossings are fairly evenly split between both structures, with 5,490 crossings at the overpass and 5,353 at the underpass. | https://www.sonorandesert.org/learning-more/wildlife-linkages-2/oracle-road-wildlife-crossings-2/oracle-road-wildlife-crossings-the-results/, https://www.sonorandesert.org/learning-more/wildlife-linkages-2/oracle-road-wildlife-crossings-2/ https://tucson. | ||
| Spotted Turtle Culvert | Carver | United States | Massachusetts | Route 44 | Proposed highway improvement and relocation was studied for its impact on spotted turtles and a widened culvert was determined to be a good mitigation for barrier to movement | 2004 | Spotted turtle | Spotted turtle | Radio transmitters, direct evidence (observations, trails) | https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qz725t8 | |||||
| Monkton Salamander Crossing | Monkton | United States | Vermont | Monkton-Vergennes Rd | Road separates swampy breeding area from upland wintering spots | 2016 | 290000 | Blue-spotted Salamander, | Blue-spotted salamander, wood frog, spring peeper, yellow-spotted salamander, eastern newts, four-toed salamanders; skunks, raccoons, foxes | Cameras | https://www.lewiscreek.org/monkton-wildlife-crossing, | https://www.lewiscreek.org/monkton-wildlife-crossing,,https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2016/03/28/hundreds-saved-new-vermont-salamander-crossing/82336084/ | |||
| Trapper's Point Overpasses | Pinedale | United States | Wyoming | US 191 | 23 km of fencing | 2012 | 5000000 | Pronghorn | Mule deer, elk, moose, pronghorn | Camera surveillence | http://www.pinedaleonline.com/news/2012/11/Newcrossingshelpwild.htm https://www.trapperspoint.com/about.htm | ||||
| Trapper's Point Underpass | Pinedale | United States | Wyoming | US 191 | 23 km of fencing | 2012 | 3600000 | Pronghorn | Mule deer, elk, moose, pronghorn | Camera surveillence | http://www.pinedaleonline.com/news/2012/11/Newcrossingshelpwild.htm https://www.trapperspoint.com/about.htm | ||||
| Salmon Canon | proprietary plastic mix | Colombia River | United States | Washington | Upper Colombia River dam | Salmon have not reached historic spawning waters in more than 90 years due to dam obsticles; salmon canon shoots fish over the dam in seconds (does not hurt them, saves them energy, most efficient method to date) | 2014 | $2-4,000,000 | Salmon | Salmon | Machine learning sorts fish and scans for size, species, and wounding | https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/more-than-a-viral-sensation-the-salmon-cannon-could-bring-the-species-back-to-the-upper-columbia-after-90-years/ https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/15/salmon-cannon-fish-dam | |||
| Intercounty Connector Wildlife Passes | Rockville | United States | Maryland | ICC/Maryland Route 200 | ICC constructed in 2011 included 10 wildlife crossings to reduce wildlife fatalities | 2011 | Deer, racoons, opossums | Camera traps | https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/environment/bs-xpm-2011-01-02-bs-gr-wildlife-highways-20110102-story.html | ||||||
| Florida Crocodile Underpasses | "The Stretch" US1 | United States | Florida | US 1 | Almost 20 underpasses and culverts for allowing panthers and crocodiles; uninterrupted water flow into Florida Bay, reconnected to Lake Surprise | 2018 | water flow | Florida panther, crocodile | https://fla-keys.com/news/article/8190/, https://www.islamoradatimes.com/the-stretch/ | ||||||
| Big Pine Key Deer Underpasses | Big Pine Key | United States | Florida | US 1 | Flroida Key deer is endangered and the biggest threat is deer-vehicle collisions; most of the population of the Florida Key deer is on Big Pine Key; two underpasses, fencing, and experimental deer exclusion guards were constructed to reduce collisions | deer guards, fencing | 2002 | Florida Key deer | Florida Key deer | Camera trap, wildlife collision survey, radio-collaring | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nova-Silvy/publication/255512845EffectivenessoffencingunderpassesanddeerguardsinreducingKeydeermortalityontheUS1CorridorBigPineKeyFlorida/links/0deec53833a6de9c72000000/Effectiveness-of-fencing-und | ||||
| Colorado I-70 Wildlife Pass | West Vail Pass | United States | Colorado | I-70 | Identified as one of the highest mortality sections of road | citizen science | https://www.summitcountysafepassages.org/initiatives/vail-pass/ https://goi70.com/news/2019/great-news-wildlife-i-70#:~:text=The%20I%2D70%20Mountain%20Corridor%20stretches%20144%20miles%20from%20Golden,Colorado%27s%20most%20popular%20recreation%20areas. h | ||||||||
| Silver Zone Pass Overpass | Oasis-West Wendover | United States | Nevada | I-80 | Reconnect mule deer migration path and The crossings improve regional traffic safety and habitat connectivity by reduce collisions as deer cross the roadways while migrating between the Jarbidge and Pequop mountain ranges. | 2013 | 2750000 | Mule deer | Mule deer | Radio collars on mule deer | Kari says they are used to the crossings and go straight across with no hesitation or wandering around. This knowledge is being passed from doe to fawn and Kari said there are now deer that probably do not remember the old, dangerous, highway crossingsOne | https://www.conteches.com/knowledge-center/case-studies/details/slug/i-80-wildlife-crossing https://arc-solutions.org/article/i-80-wildlife-overpass-construction-begins/, ,https://elkodaily.com/news/local/nature-notes-mule-deer-are-on-their-spring-migrat | |||
| 10 Mile Summit Overpass (1) | Wells | United States | Nevada | I-93 | Reconnect mule deer migration path and The crossings improve regional traffic safety and habitat connectivity by reduce collisions as deer cross the roadways while migrating between the Jarbidge and Pequop mountain ranges. | 2010 | 1800000 | Mule deer | American badger (Taxidea taxus), American pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), blacktailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and domestic cat | motion detectors, camera traps | Not used by elk. One of 9 safety crossings with 60 miles of 8 foot fencing on 1-80 and I-93 at a cost of $14 million. It is 162 feet across and 23 feet above the roadway with 3 miles of fencing | https://elkodaily.com/news/local/overpass-equals-safety-wildlife-use-u-s-bridge/article14dc6fb2-d86a-11df-be8c-001cc4c03286.html, https://arc-solutions.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Effectiveness-of-Crossing-Structures-for-Migratory-Ungulates.pdf | |||
| 10 Mile Summit Overpass (2) | Wells | United States | Nevada | I-93 | Reconnect mule deer migration path and The crossings improve regional traffic safety and habitat connectivity by reduce collisions as deer cross the roadways while migrating between the Jarbidge and Pequop mountain ranges. | 2010 | 3100000 | Mule deer | American badger (Taxidea taxus), American pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), blacktailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and domestic cat | motion detectors, camera traps | Not used by elk. One of 9 safety crossings with 60 miles of 8 foot fencing on 1-80 and I-93 at a cost of $14 million. It is 162 feet across and 23 feet above the roadway with 3 miles of fencing | https://elkodaily.com/news/local/overpass-equals-safety-wildlife-use-u-s-bridge/article14dc6fb2-d86a-11df-be8c-001cc4c03286.html, https://arc-solutions.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Effectiveness-of-Crossing-Structures-for-Migratory-Ungulates.pdf | |||
| 10 Mile Summit Underpasses | Wells | United States | Nevada | I-93 | Reconnect mule deer migration path and The crossings improve regional traffic safety and habitat connectivity by reduce collisions as deer cross the roadways while migrating between the Jarbidge and Pequop mountain ranges. | 2010 | 2200000 | Mule deer | American badger (Taxidea taxus), American pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), blacktailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and domestic cat | motion detectors, camera traps | Not used by elk. One of 9 safety crossings with 60 miles of 8 foot fencing on 1-80 and I-93 at a cost of $14 million. It is 162 feet across and 23 feet above the roadway with 3 miles of fencing | https://elkodaily.com/news/local/overpass-equals-safety-wildlife-use-u-s-bridge/article14dc6fb2-d86a-11df-be8c-001cc4c03286.html, https://arc-solutions.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Effectiveness-of-Crossing-Structures-for-Migratory-Ungulates.pdf | |||
| HD Summit Overpass | Wells | United States | Nevada | I-93 | Reconnect mule deer migration path and The crossings improve regional traffic safety and habitat connectivity by reduce collisions as deer cross the roadways while migrating between the Jarbidge and Pequop mountain ranges. | 2010 | Mule deer | American badger (Taxidea taxus), American pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), blacktailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and domestic cat | Not used by elk. One of 9 safety crossings with 60 miles of 8 foot fencing on 1-80 and I-93 at a cost of $14 million. It is 162 feet across and 23 feet above the roadway with 3 miles of fencing | https://www.nevadadot.com/home/showdocument?id=6485, https://arc-solutions.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Effectiveness-of-Crossing-Structures-for-Migratory-Ungulates.pdf | |||||
| HD Summit Underpass | Wells | United States | Nevada | I-93 | Reconnect mule deer migration path and The crossings improve regional traffic safety and habitat connectivity by reduce collisions as deer cross the roadways while migrating between the Jarbidge and Pequop mountain ranges. | 2010 | Mule deer | American badger (Taxidea taxus), American pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), blacktailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and domestic cat | Collected data during 8 migrations (autumn 2010 through spring 2014). | Not used by elk. One of 9 safety crossings with 60 miles of 8 foot fencing on 1-80 and I-93 at a cost of $14 million. It is 162 feet across and 23 feet above the roadway with 3 miles of fencing | https://arc-solutions.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Effectiveness-of-Crossing-Structures-for-Migratory-Ungulates.pdf, https://elkodaily.com/news/local/overpass-equals-safety-wildlife-use-u-s-bridge/article14dc6fb2-d86a-11df-be8c-001cc4c03286.html,https:/ | ||||
| Powys Toad Tunnels | Llandrindod Wells lake, Powys | Wales | Mid Wales | Powys Road | Multiple species of amphibians cross the Powys road to spawn in the nearby Llandrindod Wells Lake and this caused a temporary closure (and may volunteers rescuing toads); then two tunnels were built with a ditch to divert movement to avoid the closure | 400 m ditch | 2010 | to avoid road closure | http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uknews/wales/mid/8597006.stm#:~:text='Toad%20tunnels'%20for%20amphibians%20looking%20for%20love%20in%20Powys,-Toads%20are%20already&text=For%20the%20last%20five%20years,steep%20kerbs%2C%20cars%20and%20predators. | ||||||
| Hoolock Gibbon Bridges (1) | bamboo | Borajan reserve | India | Assam | In the greater Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary in Tinsukia, Assam, India, 9 bridges were constructed out of bamboo to assist gibbons in their canopy movements | 2013 | decrease fatal falls, help gibbons avoid traveling on the ground where preditors are | Hoolock gibbon | Hoolock gibbon | oberservations of bridge use and troop behavior | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-622 | ||||
| Hoolock Gibbon Bridges (2) | bamboo | Borajan reserve | India | Assam | In the greater Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary in Tinsukia, Assam, India, 9 bridges were constructed out of bamboo to assist gibbons in their canopy movements | 2013 | decrease fatal falls, help gibbons avoid traveling on the ground where preditors are | Hoolock gibbon | Hoolock gibbon | oberservations of bridge use and troop behavior | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-622 | ||||
| Hoolock Gibbon Bridges (3) | bamboo | Borajan reserve | India | Assam | In the greater Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary in Tinsukia, Assam, India, 9 bridges were constructed out of bamboo to assist gibbons in their canopy movements | 2013 | decrease fatal falls, help gibbons avoid traveling on the ground where preditors are | Hoolock gibbon | Hoolock gibbon | oberservations of bridge use and troop behavior | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-622 | ||||
| Hoolock Gibbon Bridges (4) | bamboo | Borajan reserve | India | Assam | In the greater Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary in Tinsukia, Assam, India, 9 bridges were constructed out of bamboo to assist gibbons in their canopy movements | 2013 | decrease fatal falls, help gibbons avoid traveling on the ground where preditors are | Hoolock gibbon | Hoolock gibbon | oberservations of bridge use and troop behavior | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-622 | ||||
| Hoolock Gibbon Bridges (5) | bamboo | Borajan reserve | India | Assam | In the greater Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary in Tinsukia, Assam, India, 9 bridges were constructed out of bamboo to assist gibbons in their canopy movements | 2013 | decrease fatal falls, help gibbons avoid traveling on the ground where preditors are | Hoolock gibbon | Hoolock gibbon | oberservations of bridge use and troop behavior | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-622 | ||||
| Hoolock Gibbon Bridges (6) | bamboo | Borajan reserve | India | Assam | In the greater Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary in Tinsukia, Assam, India, 9 bridges were constructed out of bamboo to assist gibbons in their canopy movements | 2013 | decrease fatal falls, help gibbons avoid traveling on the ground where preditors are | Hoolock gibbon | Hoolock gibbon | oberservations of bridge use and troop behavior | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-622 | ||||
| Hoolock Gibbon Bridges (7) | bamboo | Borajan reserve | India | Assam | In the greater Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary in Tinsukia, Assam, India, 9 bridges were constructed out of bamboo to assist gibbons in their canopy movements | 2013 | decrease fatal falls, help gibbons avoid traveling on the ground where preditors are | Hoolock gibbon | Hoolock gibbon | oberservations of bridge use and troop behavior | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-622 | ||||
| Hoolock Gibbon Bridges (8) | bamboo | Borajan reserve | India | Assam | In the greater Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary in Tinsukia, Assam, India, 9 bridges were constructed out of bamboo to assist gibbons in their canopy movements | 2013 | decrease fatal falls, help gibbons avoid traveling on the ground where preditors are | Hoolock gibbon | Hoolock gibbon | oberservations of bridge use and troop behavior | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-622 | ||||
| Hoolock Gibbon Bridges (9) | bamboo | Borajan reserve | India | Assam | In the greater Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary in Tinsukia, Assam, India, 9 bridges were constructed out of bamboo to assist gibbons in their canopy movements | 2013 | decrease fatal falls, help gibbons avoid traveling on the ground where preditors are | Hoolock gibbon | Hoolock gibbon | oberservations of bridge use and troop behavior | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-622 | ||||
| Orang-Utan Bridges | rope, webbing | Kinabatangan | Malaysia | Sandakan | Kinabatangan River | Due to timber activities, the natural bridges that were old growth trees have been removed, making it difficult for animals to cross the wide river | 2003 | Orangutan | Orangutan, macaques, proboscis | camera trap | https://www.houstonzoo.org/blog/saving-orangutans-one-bridge-time/ https://www.hutan.org.my/where-we-work/ | ||||
| Hainan gibbon canopy bridges | rope | Hainan Bawangling Nature Reserve | China | Hainan Island | To combat forest fragmentation barriers to movement for the Hainan gibbon, canopy bridges were contructed and monitored | 2015 | Hainan gibbon | Hainan gibbon, Palla's squirell, flying squirrel, rodent | camera trap | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-72641-z | |||||
| Bandicoot Underpass A | Perth | Australia | Western Australia | Roe Highway Stage Seven | The Roe Highway Stage Seven was built in 2006, splitting remnant vegetation and posing a barrier to wildlife movement as well as a roadkill threat; three underpasses were constructed and monitored for bandicoot use | 2005 | Southern brown bandicoot | Southern brown bandicoot, fox | sand pads, passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), Trovan scanner/decoder | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roberta-Bencini/publication/232288085MultipleindividualsouthernbrownbandicootsIsoodonobesulusfusciventerandfoxesVulpesvulpesuseunderpassesinstalledatanewhighwayinPerthWesternAustralia/links/0912f,https://www.abc.net.au | |||||
| Bandicoot Underpass B | Perth | Australia | Western Australia | Roe Highway Stage Seven | The Roe Highway Stage Seven was built in 2006, splitting remnant vegetation and posing a barrier to wildlife movement as well as a roadkill threat; three underpasses were constructed and monitored for bandicoot use | 2005 | Southern brown bandicoot | Southern brown bandicoot, fox | sand pads, passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), Trovan scanner/decoder | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roberta-Bencini/publication/232288085MultipleindividualsouthernbrownbandicootsIsoodonobesulusfusciventerandfoxesVulpesvulpesuseunderpassesinstalledatanewhighwayinPerthWesternAustralia/links/0912f | |||||
| Bandicoot Underpass C | Perth | Australia | Western Australia | Roe Highway Stage Seven | The Roe Highway Stage Seven was built in 2006, splitting remnant vegetation and posing a barrier to wildlife movement as well as a roadkill threat; three underpasses were constructed and monitored for bandicoot use | 2005 | Southern brown bandicoot | Southern brown bandicoot, fox | sand pads, passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), Trovan scanner/decoder | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roberta-Bencini/publication/232288085MultipleindividualsouthernbrownbandicootsIsoodonobesulusfusciventerandfoxesVulpesvulpesuseunderpassesinstalledatanewhighwayinPerthWesternAustralia/links/0912f | |||||
| Pacific Highway Box Culvert Underpasses | Brunswick Heads | Australia | New South Wales | Pacific Highway | Pacific Highway is a mortality threat to wildlife crossing the road; this study sought to figure out what species cross use the culverts often and effectively | 2000 | decrease wildlife fatalities | Bandicoots, rats, wallabies, cane toads, possums, echidnas, lizards, birds, introduced carnivors, koala | sand pads in middle of culvert | https://www.publish.csiro.au/wr/WR01062 | |||||
| Mt. Higginbotham Underpasses | Mt. Higginbotham | Australia | Victoria | Alpine Way | The mountain pygmy possum is restricted to a habitat range of over 1430 m, habitat connectivity threatened by development of roads and ski resort | drift fencing | 1985 | Mountain pygmy possum | Mountain pygmy possum | camera trap | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3809200.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ac99715a058f23c7134fd4b29c12132ad https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26268295.pdf | ||||
| Maldon-Dombarton Railway Culverts | Wollongong | Australia | New South Wales | Maldon-Dombarton Railway | Culverts built for water drainage, but monitored for animal use | 1984 | water drainage | Bush rat, feral cat, long-nosed bandicoot | trapping, prints, scat, hair | https://watermark.silverchair.com/az1987008.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhWErcy7Dm3ZL9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAsYwggLCBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKzMIICrwIBADCCAqgGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMzMB0mScAObJZux7SAgEQgIICeS1zew0ghsvKad7Ub6fsdz-Q50SAZDIaLhQFRZjKAbG | |||||
| Maldon-Dombarton Railway Tunnels | Wollongong | Australia | New South Wales | Maldon-Dombarton Railway | Tunnels built for wildlife to reduce the effect of fragmentation from the railway | 1984 | Dogs, fox, swamp wallaby | trapping, prints, scat, hair | https://watermark.silverchair.com/az1987008.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhWErcy7Dm3ZL9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAsYwggLCBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKzMIICrwIBADCCAqgGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMzMB0mScAObJZux7SAgEQgIICeS1zew0ghsvKad7Ub6fsdz-Q50SAZDIaLhQFRZjKAbG | ||||||
| Mackay Glider Poles | wood | Padaminka Nature Refuge | Australia | Queensland | Glider poles were erected to help squirrel gliders bridge a 70m gap between two habitat patches | 2005 | 7500 | Squirrel gliders | Squirrel gliders | trapping, radiotracking, hair tubes | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204608000832?casatoken=AJyk1scq6H0AAAAA:F8xilHUkgyn-OxFdikH7TZCU8oiOSjL90-REiESpNsFi1vvGFjti7ZvhUCUrKAO7aKJ0R | ||||
| Calder Freeway Underpass | Macedon | Australia | Victoria | Calder Freeway | Allows for movement between two fragmented forest patches under Calder Freeway | 1999 | 2300000 | Birds, arboreal mammals, frogs, reptiles | 31 mammals, 4 reptiles, 6 frogs, 37 bird species (9 of the total are introduced) | active searches, bat detectors, bird surveys, hair tubing, spotlighting, pitfal traps, sand pads | https://escholarship.org/content/qt6s9970wb/qt6s9970wb.pdf | ||||
| Calder Freeway Culverts | Macedon | Australia | Victoria | Calder Freeway | Allows for movement between two fragmented forest patches under Calder Freeway | 1999 | The crossings are designed to enable the continuation and diversity of the gene pool in species' breeding. These crossings include bridge underpasses, culvert underpasses, at grade or over freeway crossings, and over-freeway cable crossings. | At least four species of reptile, six species of amphibian, 24 confirmed and seven unconfirmed mammal species and 37 bird species within or above the underpass, | 12-Month monitoring using 14 methods was used, targeting various fauna groups, including ground dwelling mammals, arboreal or semi-arboreal mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds. | Statistical analysis did demonstrate that native and some introduced species demonstrated an attraction to the underpass, whilst some other native species were rarely detected within the underpass, and were more often detected within the surrounding fo | https://escholarship.org/content/qt6s9970wb/qt6s9970wb.pdf, https://trid.trb.org/view/795626, https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19188/1/whole_AbsonRodney2004_thesis.pdf | ||||
| Robert L.B. Tobin Land Bridge | San Antonio | United States | Texas | Wurzbach Parkway | Phil Hardberger 330 acre park is bisected by the six-lane Phil Hardberger Park (which may eventually become 8 lanes); open to both people and animals; currently the largest land bridge in the United States | 2020 | 23000000 | https://www.ecowatch.com/san-antonio-wildlife-bridge-2649485994.html?rebelltitem=2#rebelltitem2 | |||||||
| Squirrel Bridge | Synthetic rope that stretches between trees on either side of the roadway | Berlin | Germany | Friedrichshagen | Mueggelseedamm | Wooden boxes filled with nuts are fastened at each end of the rope to lure the squirrels. | 2014 | 500 Euro | Reduce car fatalities | Squirrels | Visual observations | ||||
| Colobridges | Rope ladders | Diana Beach | Kenya | Diana Beach Road | Response to an outcry from local residents about the high number of deaths of colobus monkeys on the Diani Beach road. | 1997 | Angolan Colobus monkey | Angolan Colobus monkey | Now a tourist attraction | https://www.colobusconservation.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=190&Itemid=664 | |||||
| Hamilton Road Glider Poles | Wooden poles | Chermside | Australia | Queensland | Hamilton Road | 2005 | Squirrel gliders | Squirrel gliders | Hair traps and specialised infra-red cameras revealed the squirrel gliders were using the wooden poles at least once per week. | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00847.x, https://www.scu.edu.au/engage/news/latest-news/2013/how-did-the-gliding-mammal-cross-the-road-turning-power-poles-into-stepping-stones.php | |||||
| Red Squirrel Bridge | Rope bridge | Shieldaig | Scotland | Highlands | A896 | Part of a reintroduction of red squirrels to the north west Highlands | Installed feeders at each end of the bridge to encourage the squirrels to use it | 2017 | Part of red squirrel reintroduction to Highlands | Red Squirrels | Red squirrels | Since the bridge and signs went up, there has only been one known red squirrel death on the road, and this year has not had any reported fatalities.Two new litters of red squirrels found. | https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-45101651 | ||
| Tree Bridge | Tubular element over the road, which is connected to the trees on both sides by means of a network of ropes that connects the trees at the edge of the road and the tube | Brussels | Belgium | The placement of the tree bridge is part of the defragmentation measures that the Flemish government is taking to reconnect the habitats of animals that are separated by roads. | 2013 | Squirrels and pine martens | No information available | https://web.archive.org/web/20140327204146/,http://www.wegenenverkeer.be/home/item/plaatsing-boombrug-over-de-ring-om-brusselr0.html?category_id=14 | |||||||
| Squirrel Bridge | Thick cord that is stretched between two trees on either side of the street | Brecht | Belgium | In many places in our municipality, squirrels are often victims of traffic when they cross from one bush to another. The municipality of Brecht wants to put an end to this by installing squirrel bridges | 2013 | 250 Euros per bridge | The squirrel bridge is part of the project to promote biodiversity in Brecht. | Squirrels | No information available | https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20131211_00883358 | |||||
| Squirrel Pipeline | Zip line | La Rochelle | France | Poitou-Charentes | This is part of a plan for the “renaturation” of the City | Provide nuts at the start of the passage to guide the squirrels | 2012 | Squirrels | No information available | https://www.sudouest.fr/2012/03/14/l-ecureuil-n-a-pas-le-vertige-658315-650.php?nic | |||||
| Squirrel Bridge | Rope bridge | Cramlington | United Kingdom | Northumberland | B1326 | 2020 | 750 Euro | Reduce red squirrel fatalities | Squirrels | No information available | None mentioned | https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/northumberland-red-squirrel-bridge-installed-18744877 | |||
| Squirrel Bridge | Rope bridge | Ince Blundell, near Formby | United Kingdom | Merseyside | A565 at Moor Lane | 2004 | Reduce red squirrel fatalities | Squirrels | No information available | None mentioned | http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/animals/newsid_3523000/3523805.stm | ||||
| Squirrel Bridge | rope bridge consists of two parallel 6-10 centimeter thick ropes, between which a kind of net is placed. | Amstelpark | Netherlands | Amstderdam | 6 Streets-tree bridges have been constructed over the Amstelveenseweg , Van der Boechorststraat, Van Leijenberghlaan, Van Heenvlietlaan, Buitenvelderstelaan and the Europaboulevard | For the Red Squirrel, Gijsbrecht van Aemstelpark is an important ecological connection between the Amsterdamse Bos and the Amstelpark . The Amsterdamse Bos and the Amstelpark are important habitats for the squirrel and exchange between them is important. | 2012 | Reduce red squirrel fatalities | Squirrels | No information available | None mentioned | https://www.studiokoning.nl/Foto_3/Eekhoornbrug.htm | |||
| Squirrel Bridge | Rope bridge | Vlotho | Germany | Burgstrasse | 2012 | Reduce red squirrel fatalities | Squirrels | No information available | None mentioned | https://www.mt.de/lokales/minden/Vlothos-erste-Eichhoernchenbruecke-7211796.html | |||||
| Kingcausie Wildlife Overbridge | Aberdeen | Scotland | A section of the new Aberdeen bypass, near the ancient Cleanill Wood | 2008 | £100,000 | Squirrels | No information available | https://www.buildscotland.co.uk/construction-news/76638/squirrel-bridge-to-be-built-over-new-aberdeen-bypass | |||||||
| Squirrel Bridge | Netherlands | Rijksweg 12, Kilometers 73, 90 | 2012 | Squirrels | No information available | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squirrel_bridge#cite_note-rtl-6 | |||||||||
| Squirrel Bridge | Roermond | Netherlands | 2013 | Squirrels | No information available | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squirrel_bridge#cite_note-rtl-6 | |||||||||
| Lake Jackson Ecopassage | Tallahassee | United States | Florida | Highway 27 | In Tallahassee, a study showed that 90 percent of the turtles that tried to cross Highway 27 from Lake Jackson to a nearby waterway didn't make it. | a solid polymer wall with two additional culverts under the roadway. | 2010 | $3.4 million — was granted through federal stimulus money. | Turtles, alligators | Turtles, alligators | Saved 8,800 turtles in one year | https://lakejacksonturtles.org/ | |||
| Wildlife Crossing | Grauholz | Switzerland | A1 | 0 | Roe deer | Considered too narrow as ‘alarm behaviour’ was recorded in roe deer using the structure. | https://onedrive.live.com/?cid=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5&id=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5%21271717&parId=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5%21270726&o=OneUp | ||||||||
| Ecoduct | Concrete of 0.4m and a minimum soil layer of 1.5m, which allows the growth of forest vegetation without watering. | Aspiholz | Switzerland | 0 | Amphibians | Rare insect species. Small ponds on the bridge attract amphibians during migration and reproduction | No raw data is provided or details of monitoring studies. | https://onedrive.live.com/?cid=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5&id=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5%21271717&parId=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5%21270726&o=OneUp | |||||||
| Ecoduct | Concrete of 0.4m and a minimum soil layer of 1.5m, which allows the growth of forest vegetation without watering. | Fuchswies | Switzerland | 0 | Amphibians | Rare insect species. Small ponds on the bridge attract amphibians during migration and reproduction | https://onedrive.live.com/?cid=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5&id=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5%21271717&parId=3E2E9FF710ECC0B5%21270726&o=OneUp | ||||||||
| Bat Underpass A | bridleway (a wide footpath designed for horses, pedestrians and cyclists) beneath the road | Cumbria | England | Northern England | A590 | located in rural lowland used primarily for agricultural grazing, with linear elements such as hedgerows, dry stone walls and tree lines providing connectivity for bats [28], [29]. The importance of all sites as bat foraging and commuting routes was estab | 2008 | Bats | Not effective mitigation measures: very few bats flew through them relative to the number crossing at unsafe heights over the road above | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038775 | |||||
| Christmas Island Crab Tunnels | Christmas Island | Australia | Christmas Island | Roadway | Every first rainfall of the wet season (in Oct. or Nov.) triggers the migration of red crabs from the forest into the ocean to mate and spawn. Along the way, they are often hit by cars or face substantial barriers to movement and they can dessicate; high | 20 km of guide barriers to funnel crab traffic | 2015 | Habitat loss and barriers increases chance of dehydrating and being hit by vehicles | Red crab | Red crab | https://parksaustralia.gov.au/christmas/discover/highlights/red-crab-migration/ https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/crabs-get-safety-bridge-passage-sea/ https://roaring.earth/millions-of-crabs/ | ||||
| Bat Gantry | Two wooden or metal pylons erected at either side of the road with 2 or 3 pairs of wires spanning the road between them (approximately 20 m on two lane roads and 30 m on four lane roads), with plastic spheres at intervals of approximately 2 m, at a height | Cumbria | England | Northern England | A595 | located in rural lowland used primarily for agricultural grazing, with linear elements such as hedgerows, dry stone walls and tree lines providing connectivity for bats [28], [29]. The importance of all sites as bat foraging and commuting routes was estab | 2008 | Bats | far more bats (84%) crossed the road at unsafe heights than flew within 2 m (<1%; Z = 2.81, P = 0.002) or 5 m (6%; Z = 2.81, P = 0.002) of the gantry. | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038775 | |||||
| Bat Gantry | Two wooden or metal pylons erected at either side of the road with 2 or 3 pairs of wires spanning the road between them (approximately 20 m on two lane roads and 30 m on four lane roads), with plastic spheres at intervals of approximately 2 m, at a height | Northumberland | England | A69 | located in rural lowland used primarily for agricultural grazing, with linear elements such as hedgerows, dry stone walls and tree lines providing connectivity for bats [28], [29]. The importance of all sites as bat foraging and commuting routes was estab | 2009 | Bats | more bats crossed the road at unsafe heights (17%) than flew within 2 m of the gantry (8%; Z = 1.17, P = 0.31), but fewer bats crossed at unsafe heights compared to those flying within 5 m of the gantry | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038775 | ||||||
| Bat Gantry | Two wooden or metal pylons erected at either side of the road with 2 or 3 pairs of wires spanning the road between them (approximately 20 m on two lane roads and 30 m on four lane roads), with plastic spheres at intervals of approximately 2 m, at a height | Cumbria | England | Northern England | A66 | located in rural lowland used primarily for agricultural grazing, with linear elements such as hedgerows, dry stone walls and tree lines providing connectivity for bats [28], [29]. The importance of all sites as bat foraging and commuting routes was estab | 2002 | Bats | far more bats (70%) crossed at unsafe heights, than flew within 2 m (2%; Z = 2.81, P = 0.002) or 5 m (9%; Z = 2.81, P = 0.002) of the gantry. | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038775 | |||||
| Bat Bridge | U ‐ shaped metal structure with a grid parallel to the road was installed to help bats to better detect the overpass and to force them to fly at a safe height across the road | Moulin ‐ Paris | France | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes | A89 | To mitigate the fragmenting effect of the road and restore connectivity, two overpasses (MP & TR) were placed within the bat commuting routes identified during the preconstruction EIA. | 2013 | Bats | two automatic acoustic recorders per site (Song Meter SM2Bat +, Wildlife Acoustics Inc.), one on each side of the overpass (henceforth referred to as a “pair”). | Overall, our results show that bat overpasses are more successful when they are placed in a location with forested areas on both side of the road and that they are avoided when placed in open habitats such as farmland.A bat overpass is more likely to fail | https://structurae.net/en/structures/neronde-bat-bridge, https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2664.13288, https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/978 | ||||
| Bat Bridge | Wires with polystyrene balls | Troissereux | France | Picardie region near Beauvais | D901 | To mitigate the fragmenting effect of the road and restore connectivity, two overpasses (MP & TR) were placed within the bat commuting routes identified during the preconstruction EIA.Construction of the TR road, which occurred between 2015 and 2016, led | 2016 | Bats | two automatic acoustic recorders per site (Song Meter SM2Bat +, Wildlife Acoustics Inc.), one on each side of the overpass (henceforth referred to as a “pair”). | Overall, our results show that bat overpasses are more successful when they are placed in a location with forested areas on both side of the road and that they are avoided when placed in open habitats such as farmland.A bat overpass is more likely to fail | https://structurae.net/en/structures/neronde-bat-bridge, https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2664.13288, https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/978 | ||||
| Bat Gantry | Two wooden or metal pylons erected at either side of the road with 2 or 3 pairs of wires spanning the road between them (approximately 20 m on two lane roads and 30 m on four lane roads), with plastic spheres at intervals of approximately 2 m, at a height | Cumbria | England | Northern England | A590 | located in rural lowland used primarily for agricultural grazing, with linear elements such as hedgerows, dry stone walls and tree lines providing connectivity for bats [28], [29]. The importance of all sites as bat foraging and commuting routes was estab | 2008 | Bats | Four times as many (41%) crossed the road at unsafe heights as crossed within 2 m of the gantryes. | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038775 | |||||
| Bat Underpass B | built to carry a hedgerow-lined minor road, a known commuting route | Cumbria | England | Northern England | A590 | located in rural lowland used primarily for agricultural grazing, with linear elements such as hedgerows, dry stone walls and tree lines providing connectivity for bats [28], [29]. The importance of all sites as bat foraging and commuting routes was estab | 2008 | Bats | high levels of use by commuting bats, with just 4% crossing at risk of collision mortality on the road above. This underpass is effective in allowing bats to cross the road safely. | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038775 | |||||
| Bat Underpass | built at the eastern edge of the wood to carry a small stream, and its use by crossing bats was also investigated | Cumbria | England | Northern England | A66 | located in rural lowland used primarily for agricultural grazing, with linear elements such as hedgerows, dry stone walls and tree lines providing connectivity for bats [28], [29]. The importance of all sites as bat foraging and commuting routes was estab | 2002 | Bats | Not effective mitigation measures: very few bats flew through them relative to the number crossing at unsafe heights over the road above | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038775 | |||||
| Brandenberg Crossing | Germany | Brandenburg | A12 | Brandenburg state cur-rently hosts the largest wolf population in Germany;41 of Germany's 105 wolf packs were located within stateborders in 2019 (König et al., 2020). | 0 | Deer, wild boar | 931 crossing events: 111 by wolves (65 individ-uals, 46 wolf packs), 431 by red deer, 106 by roe deer, 41by wild boar, and 43 by humans | Camera traps | When the bridge was constructed in 2012, wolfpacks were absent in the region. | https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.364 | |||||
| Environmental Overbridge | Gwynedd | Wales | A487 | Woven wooden fencing installed to guide the bats to the bridge | 2012 | Bats | More bats crossed using the bridge (62%) than crossed the road below at unsafe heights (19%) | ||||||||
| Environmental Underpass | Used as a livestock creep. | Gwynedd | Wales | A487 | Constructed at an angle over the road to connect previous bat commuting routes | Woven wooden fencing installed to guide the bats to the bridge | 2012 | Bats | More bats overall used the underpass (66%) than over the road, but 30% of bats still crossed the road at unsafe heights. narrower and lower and do not appear to preserve original commuting routes in their entirety (even if positioned on | ||||||
| Hopyard Farm Underpass | Existed under original road and extended during widening. Both end have grilles fitted and open onto minor access roads with plantings at the roadside. | Monmouthshire | Wales | A465 | Rhinolophus hipposideros roost at Llanwenarth house, approx. 400 m from the southern entrance. | 2008 | Bats | More bats flew through the underpass (70%) than over the road at unsafe heights (29%). narrower and lower and do not appear to preserve original commuting routes in their entirety (even if positioned on the same alignment as origina | |||||||
| Evesham Nurseries Underpass | Existed under original road and extended during widening. Both end have grilles fitted and open onto minor access roads with plantings at the roadside. | Monmouthshire | Wales | A465 | Well connected tree linesoon either side and a fence at the southern entrance. | 2008 | Bats | Many more bats used the underpass (95%) than flew over the road at unsafe heights. This underpass is larger in both height and width than the other two underpasses studied, and also bridges a pre-‐existing commuting route along a | |||||||
| Scotney Castle Landscape Bridge | Lighting on underside of bridge | Kent | England | A21 | Designed to maintain historic access to the National trust property at Scotney Castle and for wildlife crossing. | 2005 | Bats | Many more bats used the green bridge (97%) than flew over the road at unsafe heights (2%). | |||||||
| Bat Bridge 6 | Wire mesh forming a V shape suspended between two vertical poles on each side of the road. | Norfolk | England | A11 | Wire mesh also in place on each side of the poles from 4 m above ground level to top of structure to guide bats up and over the wires. | 2014 | Bats | More bats crossed the road at unsafe heights (80%) than crossed the road using the wire bridge (3%). Given the number of bat mitigation structures that have been installed on this scheme we assume pre-‐construction activity was high t | |||||||
| Bat Bridge 5 | Wire mesh forming a V shape suspended between two vertical poles on each side of the road. | Norfolk | England | A11 | Wire mesh also in place on each side of the poles from 4 m above ground level to top of structure to guide bats up and over the wires. | 2014 | Bats | No bats used the wire bridge. Given the number of bat mitigation structures that have been installed on this scheme we assume pre-‐construction activity was high to justify their construction. This suggests that there have be | |||||||
| Bat Bridge 3 | Wire mesh forming a V shape suspended between two vertical poles on each side of the road. | Norfolk | England | A11 | Wire mesh also in place on each side of the poles from 4 m above ground level to top of structure to guide bats up and over the wires. | 2014 | Bats | Low activity (2 observations). Given the number of bat mitigation structures that have been installed on this scheme we assume pre-‐construction activity was high to justify their construction. This suggests that there have b | |||||||
| Bat Overbridge | Norfolk | England | A11 | 2014 | Bats | Low activity (3 observations) | |||||||||
| Arizona Route 260 Underpasses 1 | Near Payson | United States | Arizona | State Route 260 | Specifically intended to reduce at-grade elk crossings and elk-vehicle collisions; constructed while road was being upgraded from a 2-lane to 4-lane highway | 2001 | Rocky Mountain Elk | elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, grey fox, raccoon | video-surveillene, radio collared elk | Reduction in wildlife fatalities of elk | https://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ540.pdf | ||||
| Arizona Route 260 Underpasses 2 | Near Payson | United States | Arizona | State Route 260 | Specifically intended to reduce at-grade elk crossings and elk-vehicle collisions; constructed while road was being upgraded from a 2-lane to 4-lane highway | 2001 | Rocky Mountain Elk | elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, grey fox, raccoon | video-surveillene, radio collared elk | Reduction in wildlife fatalities of elk | https://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ540.pdf | ||||
| Arizona Route 260 Underpasses 3-11 | Near Payson | United States | Arizona | State Route 260 | Specifically intended to reduce at-grade elk crossings and elk-vehicle collisions; constructed while road was being upgraded from a 2-lane to 4-lane highway | 2008 | Rocky Mountain Elk | elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, grey fox, raccoon | video-surveillene, radio collared elk | Reduction in wildlife fatalities of observations | https://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ540.pdf | ||||
| Arizona Route 260 Overpasses 6 | Near Payson | United States | Arizona | State Route 260 | Designed for wildlife crossings | 2008 | elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, grey fox, raccoon | radio-collared elk | _reduction in wildlife fatalities of elk | https://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ540.pdf | |||||
| Slaty Creek Wildlife Underpass | Macedon | Australia | Victoria | Calder Freeway | The underpass crosses the Calder Highway where the Slaty Creek is; native vegetation was attempted to be perserved, but the construction process disrupted a significant portion of it | 1999 | 3000000 | agile antechinus, brushtail possum, bush rat, cat, common bushtail, dog, eastern gray kangaroo, echidna, european rabbit, fox, horse, house mouse, koala, ringtail possum, sugar glider, swamp wallaby, wombat, coventry's skink, garden skink, McCoy's skink, | 14 methods, including traps, sand trays, nest boxes, spotlighting, audio, active searching, incidental observations | https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19188/1/whole_AbsonRodney2004_thesis.pdf | |||||
| Alligator Alley - Interstate 75 1-23 | S. Florida | United States | Florida | I-75 | "Alligator Alley" is I-75, State Route 29, or collectvely known as Everglades Parkway; cougard emerged as a species of special concern after people thought they were extinct in the area but were not; as the highways were constructed and improved, these wi | 1993 | Florida panther | ||||||||
| Alligator Alley - Interstate 75 24-35 | S. Florida | United States | Florida | I-75 | "Alligator Alley" is I-75, State Route 29, or collectvely known as Everglades Parkway; cougard emerged as a species of special concern after people thought they were extinct in the area but were not; as the highways were constructed and improved, these wi | 1993 | Florida panther | ||||||||
| Alligator Alley - State Route 29 1-2 | S. Florida | United States | Florida | State Route 29 | "Alligator Alley" is I-75, State Route 29, or collectvely known as Everglades Parkway; cougard emerged as a species of special concern after people thought they were extinct in the area but were not; as the highways were constructed and improved, these wi | 1995 | Florida panther | ||||||||
| Alligator Alley - State Route 29 3-4 | S. Florida | United States | Florida | State Route 29 | "Alligator Alley" is I-75, State Route 29, or collectvely known as Everglades Parkway; cougard emerged as a species of special concern after people thought they were extinct in the area but were not; as the highways were constructed and improved, these wi | 1998 | Florida panther | ||||||||
| Alligator Alley - State Route 29 5-6 | S. Florida | United States | Florida | State Route 29 | "Alligator Alley" is I-75, State Route 29, or collectvely known as Everglades Parkway; cougard emerged as a species of special concern after people thought they were extinct in the area but were not; as the highways were constructed and improved, these wi | 2007 | Florida panther | ||||||||
| Virginia Box Culvert 3B | Virginia | United States | Virginia | Virginia roadways | black bear, white tailed deer, opossum, squirrel, house cat, bobcat, red fox, coyote, racoon, groundhog, mice, southern leopard frog, American toad, black rat snake, birds, fish | camera trap | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3141/2011-17 | ||||||||
| Alligator Alley - Interstate 75 24-35 | S. Florida | United States | Florida | I-75 | "Alligator Alley" is I-75, State Route 29, or collectvely known as Everglades Parkway; cougard emerged as a species of special concern after people thought they were extinct in the area but were not; as the highways were constructed and improved, these wi | 1993 | Florida panther | Florida panther, bobcat, white-tailed deer, American alligator, opossum, black bear, marsh rabbit, domestic dog, coyote, humans, birds, turtles, snakes | camera trps | _successful in preventing panther deaths by collision | https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dgiq9UnHVf4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Jansen,+D.,+K.+Sherwood,+and+F.+E.+2010.+The+I- 75+Project:+Lessons+from+the+Florida+panther.+J.+P.+Beckmann,+A.+P.+Clevenger,+M.+P.+Huijser,+and+J.+A.+Hilty,+editors.+Safe+passages | ||||
| Alligator Alley - State Route 29 1-2 | S. Florida | United States | Florida | State Route 29 | "Alligator Alley" is I-75, State Route 29, or collectvely known as Everglades Parkway; cougard emerged as a species of special concern after people thought they were extinct in the area but were not; as the highways were constructed and improved, these wi | 1995 | Florida panther | Florida panther, bobcat, white-tailed deer, American alligator, opossum, black bear, marsh rabbit, domestic dog, coyote, humans, birds, turtles, snakes | camera trps | _successful in preventing panther deaths by collision | https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dgiq9UnHVf4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Jansen,+D.,+K.+Sherwood,+and+F.+E.+2010.+The+I- 75+Project:+Lessons+from+the+Florida+panther.+J.+P.+Beckmann,+A.+P.+Clevenger,+M.+P.+Huijser,+and+J.+A.+Hilty,+editors.+Safe+passages | ||||
| Alligator Alley - State Route 29 3-4 | S. Florida | United States | Florida | State Route 29 | "Alligator Alley" is I-75, State Route 29, or collectvely known as Everglades Parkway; cougard emerged as a species of special concern after people thought they were extinct in the area but were not; as the highways were constructed and improved, these wi | 1998 | Florida panther | Florida panther, bobcat, white-tailed deer, American alligator, opossum, black bear, marsh rabbit, domestic dog, coyote, humans, birds, turtles, snakes | camera trps | _successful in preventing panther deaths by collision | https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dgiq9UnHVf4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Jansen,+D.,+K.+Sherwood,+and+F.+E.+2010.+The+I- 75+Project:+Lessons+from+the+Florida+panther.+J.+P.+Beckmann,+A.+P.+Clevenger,+M.+P.+Huijser,+and+J.+A.+Hilty,+editors.+Safe+passages | ||||
| Alligator Alley - State Route 29 5-6 | S. Florida | United States | Florida | State Route 29 | "Alligator Alley" is I-75, State Route 29, or collectvely known as Everglades Parkway; cougard emerged as a species of special concern after people thought they were extinct in the area but were not; as the highways were constructed and improved, these wi | 2007 | Florida panther | Florida panther, bobcat, white-tailed deer, American alligator, opossum, black bear, marsh rabbit, domestic dog, coyote, humans, birds, turtles, snakes | camera trps | _successful in preventing panther deaths by collision | https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dgiq9UnHVf4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Jansen,+D.,+K.+Sherwood,+and+F.+E.+2010.+The+I- 75+Project:+Lessons+from+the+Florida+panther.+J.+P.+Beckmann,+A.+P.+Clevenger,+M.+P.+Huijser,+and+J.+A.+Hilty,+editors.+Safe+passages | ||||
| US Highway 64 Underpasses 1-2 | Eastern North Carolina | United States | North Carolina | US Hwy 64 | Improvements being made to expand and re-pave a two-lane rural road in order to increase traffic speed and volume; mammals such as black bears and red wolves were of concern, so underpasses were constructed in the style of previously constructed I-26 unde | black bear | _State bought easements near the entrances of the underpasses to reduce human activity and encourage animal use | https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/467/ | |||||||
| US Highway 64 Underpasses 3 | Eastern North Carolina | United States | North Carolina | US Hwy 64 | Improvements being made to expand and re-pave a two-lane rural road in order to increase traffic speed and volume; mammals such as black bears and red wolves were of concern, so underpasses were constructed in the style of previously constructed I-26 unde | black bear | _State bought easements near the entrances of the underpasses to reduce human activity and encourage animal use | https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/467/ | |||||||
| Interstate Highway 26 culverts | Madison County | United States | North Carolina | I-26 | 1991 | black bear, red wolves, white-tailed deer | black bear, bobcat, broken-striped newt, cliff swallow, common muskrat, coyote, domestic cat, domestic dog, eastern bluebird, eastern chipmunk, eastern cottontail, eatern phoebe, gray fox, great blue heron, great crested flycatcher, groundhog, humans, lea | camera traps | https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dgiq9UnHVf4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Jansen,+D.,+K.+Sherwood,+and+F.+E.+2010.+The+I- 75+Project:+Lessons+from+the+Florida+panther.+J.+P.+Beckmann,+A.+P.+Clevenger,+M.+P.+Huijser,+and+J.+A.+Hilty,+editors.+Safe+passages | ||||||
| Virginia Box Culvert 1 | not for wildlife use | Virginia | United States | Virginia | Virginia roadways | 23000 | not designed for wildlife | black bear, white tailed deer, opossum, squirrel, house cat, bobcat, red fox, coyote, racoon, groundhog, mice, southern leopard frog, American toad, black rat snake, birds, fish | camera trap | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3141/2011-17 | |||||
| Alligator Alley - Interstate 75 1-23 | S. Florida | United States | Florida | I-75 | "Alligator Alley" is I-75, State Route 29, or collectvely known as Everglades Parkway; cougard emerged as a species of special concern after people thought they were extinct in the area but were not; as the highways were constructed and improved, these wi | 1993 | Florida panther | Florida panther, bobcat, white-tailed deer, American alligator, opossum, black bear, marsh rabbit, domestic dog, coyote, humans, birds, turtles, snakes | camera trps | _successful in preventing panther deaths by collision | https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dgiq9UnHVf4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Jansen,+D.,+K.+Sherwood,+and+F.+E.+2010.+The+I- 75+Project:+Lessons+from+the+Florida+panther.+J.+P.+Beckmann,+A.+P.+Clevenger,+M.+P.+Huijser,+and+J.+A.+Hilty,+editors.+Safe+passages | ||||
| Virginia Box Culvert 3A | Virginia | United States | Virginia | Virginia roadways | Designed for wildlife crossings | 6600 | black bear, white tailed deer, opossum, squirrel, house cat, bobcat, red fox, coyote, racoon, groundhog, mice, southern leopard frog, American toad, black rat snake, birds, fish | camera trap | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3141/2011-17 | ||||||
| Slaty Creek Wildlife Underpass | Macedon | Australia | Victoria | Calder Freeway | The underpass crosses the Calder Highway where the Slaty Creek is; native vegetation was attempted to be perserved, but the construction process disrupted a significant portion of it | 1999 | 3000000 | agile antechinus, brushtail possum, bush rat, cat, common bushtail, dog, eastern gray kangaroo, echidna, european rabbit, fox, horse, house mouse, koala, ringtail possum, sugar glider, swamp wallaby, wombat, coventry's skink, garden skink, McCoy's skink, | 14 methods, including traps, sand trays, nest boxes, spotlighting, audio, active searching, incidental observations | https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19188/1/whole_AbsonRodney2004_thesis.pdf | |||||
| Virginia Triple Box Culvert | not for wildlife use | Virginia | United States | Virginia | Virginia roadways | Not specifically designed for wildlife use | not designed for wildlife | black bear, white tailed deer, opossum, squirrel, house cat, bobcat, red fox, coyote, racoon, groundhog, mice, southern leopard frog, American toad, black rat snake, birds, fish | camera trap | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3141/2011-17 | |||||
| Virginia Double Box Culvert | not for wildlife use | Virginia | United States | Virginia | Virginia roadways | Not specifically designed for wildlife use | not designed for wildlife | black bear, white tailed deer, opossum, squirrel, house cat, bobcat, red fox, coyote, racoon, groundhog, mice, southern leopard frog, American toad, black rat snake, birds, fish | camera trap | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3141/2011-17 | |||||
| Virginia Bridge 6 | not for wildlife use | Virginia | United States | Virginia | Virginia roadways | Not specifically designed for wildlife use | not designed for wildlife | black bear, white tailed deer, opossum, squirrel, house cat, bobcat, red fox, coyote, racoon, groundhog, mice, southern leopard frog, American toad, black rat snake, birds, fish | camera trap | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3141/2011-17 | |||||
| Arizona Route 260 Underpasses 1 | Near Payson | United States | Arizona | State Route 260 | Specifically intended to reduce at-grade elk crossings and elk-vehicle collisions; constructed while road was being upgraded from a 2-lane to 4-lane highway | 2001 | Rocky Mountain Elk | elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, grey fox, raccoon | video-surveillene, radio collared elk | _reduction in wildlife fatalities of elk | https://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ540.pdf | ||||
| Arizona Route 260 Underpasses 2 | Near Payson | United States | Arizona | State Route 260 | Specifically intended to reduce at-grade elk crossings and elk-vehicle collisions; constructed while road was being upgraded from a 2-lane to 4-lane highway | 2001 | Rocky Mountain Elk | elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, grey fox, raccoon | video-surveillene, radio collared elk | _reduction in wildlife fatalities of elk | https://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ540.pdf | ||||
| Arizona Route 260 Underpasses 3-11 | Near Payson | United States | Arizona | State Route 260 | Specifically intended to reduce at-grade elk crossings and elk-vehicle collisions; constructed while road was being upgraded from a 2-lane to 4-lane highway | 2008 | Rocky Mountain Elk | elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, grey fox, raccoon | video-surveillene, radio collared elk | _reduction in wildlife fatalities of observations | https://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ540.pdf | ||||
| Arizona Route 260 Overpasses 6 | Near Payson | United States | Arizona | State Route 260 | Designed for wildlife crossings | 2008 | elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, grey fox, raccoon | radio-collared elk | _reduction in wildlife fatalities of elk | https://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ540.pdf | |||||
| Virginia Bridge 2 | not for wildlife use | Virginia | United States | Virginia | Virginia roadways | Not specifically designed for wildlife use | not designed for wildlife | black bear, white tailed deer, opossum, squirrel, house cat, bobcat, red fox, coyote, racoon, groundhog, mice, southern leopard frog, American toad, black rat snake, birds, fish | camera trap | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3141/2011-17 | |||||
| Great Eastern Ranges (GER) | multiple methods | Eastern Australia | Australia | Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland | The Great Eastern Range is a mountainous range dividing the Australian coast from the arid interior. It ranges from Grampain Ranges to Cape York peninsula. Therefore, three states are involved and over 250 organizations work with GER, which has a "contine | connecting habitat islands | https://ger.org.au/about-us/why-ger/ | ||||||||
| Gondwana Link | multiple methods | South-Western Australia | Australia | Western Australia | The Godwana Link is a 1000 km stretch in Western Australia from wet forests in the SW corner to the dry woodlands and mallee; This organization began in 2002 with the purchase of Chereniup Creek Reserve and now continues with restoration and land aquisiti | connecting habitat islands | https://gondwanalink.org/ | ||||||||
| Habitat 141° | South-Eastern Australia | Australia | South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria | Habitat 141° spans 700 km along the 141th meridian longitude and contains multiple critical habitats and biodiversity hotspots; this organizations, which leads 20-30 member organizations (governments agencies, NGOs, Indigenous groups) to create linkages b | connecting habitat islands | https://www.habitat141.org.au/ | |||||||||
| Trans-Australia Eco-Link: Northern Territory & Sou | many projects | Mid-Australia | Australia | South Australia, Northern Territories | The Trans-Australia Eco-Link spans from the top of the country to the bottom and makes NatureLinks between already vegetated lands in Northern Territory and South Australia | connecting via NatureLinks to create an Eco-Link | http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/dac142cc-2f26-4a40-8863-a0e300f3b5ce/Trans-AustraliaEco-linkBrochure.pdf | ||||||||
| NatureLink | Southern Australia | Australia | South Australia | An overarching South Australian State Government policy that aims to restore habitat at a landscape-scale | landscape-scale reconnection in South Australia | Arid Lands NatureLink, Flinders-Olary NatureLink, Cape Borda to Barossa NatureLink, RiverMurray-Coorong NatureLink, East meets West NatureLink | http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/naturelinks/pdfs/state-map.pdf | ||||||||
| Birdsville to Bay | Queensland | Australia | Queensland | In Queensland between Harvey Bay to Moreton Bay | combating habitat loss and decline | http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/register/p02721aa.pdf | |||||||||
| Tasmanian Midlandscapes | Tasmanian Midlands | Australia | Tasmania | In Tasmania, this project connects conservation areas in Eastern and Western areas via the Midlands; 98% is privately owned lands | land clearing/conversion and intensification, climate change, invasives, hydrology and riparian disturbance | https://www.bushheritage.org.au/places-we-protect/tasmania/midlands | |||||||||
| Kimberley to Cape York Culture and Climate Change | Northern Australia | Australia | Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Austral | https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/89dcc7cf-7210-40ae-b74e-22e904db3518/files/compendium.pdf | |||||||||||
| Kosciuszko to Coast (K2C) | Southern New South Wales | Australia | New South Wales | With 14 partners, Y2C is connecting isolated woodland and grassland areas in an East-West band between Kosciuszko and Namadgi National Parks; through landowner engagement, land management learning, and protecting areas of high conservation value | https://landcare.nsw.gov.au/groups/kosciuszko-to-coast/ https://ger.org.au/partners/kosciuszko-to-coast/ | ||||||||||
| East Coast Conservation Corridor | Eastern Tasmania | Australia | Tasmania | Landscape-scale project connecting North-South from Cape Portland to Cape Pillar, stretching 280 km | https://conservationcorridor.org/ccsg/what-we-do/projects-and-activities/guidelines/case-studies/tasmania/ | ||||||||||
| Rewilding: Rhodope Mountains | Southern Bulgaria | Bulgaria | Kardzhali District, Haskovo Province | ||||||||||||
| Humberhead Wildlife Trust | Humberhead Levels | England | Yorkshire and the Humber | 12 organizations are working together with locals to restore drained wetlands in the Humberhead Levels; due to drainage for dry land farming, isolated patches were made too small and disjointed for wildlife survival; this program creates and restores ribb | 3000000 | wildlife survival, reduce flood risk, reduce heat in the summer, lock up carbon dioxide | https://www.ywt.org.uk/wildlife/conservation-action/south-yorkshire/humberhead-levels | ||||||||
| National Elephant Corridor Project | India | India | India | 101 elephant corridors throughout NW India, Central India, NW Bengal, NE India, and S India; land purchases and eco-development deals | Asian elephant | https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/insight/engineering-faults-often-cause-accidents-886699.html https://wti.org.in/projectdocs/WTI101corridorsmap.jpg https://www.sanctuarynaturefoundation.org/article/right-of-passage%3A-elephant-corridors-of-india# | |||||||||
| Rewilding: Central Apennines | Apennines | Italy | Central Italy | 5 corridors reconnect the Abruzzo, Molise and Lazio and Majella to Sirente Velino Regional Park; covers 100,000 ha | https://rewildingeurope.com/areas/central-apennines/ | ||||||||||
| Greater Côa Valley Rewilding | Greater Côa Valley | Portugal | Beira Alta Raiana Region | Rewilding areas between the Malcata Mountains and Douro Valley; purchasing core habitat areas (with land-use agreements) and creating habitat corridors | https://rewildingeurope.com/areas/greater-coa-valley/ https://www.endangeredlandscapes.org/project/greater-coa-valley/ | ||||||||||
| Kostroma ECONET | Kostroma Region | Russia | Kostroma Region | The region is located in the watershed divide between the Caspian and the White seas. Here, Siberian species transition to European species, and taiga is replaced by broad-leaved forest. Landscape diversity is highest where depressions among morainic hill | ecosystem services | https://conservationcorridor.org/ccsg/what-we-do/projects-and-activities/guidelines/case-studies/econet/ | |||||||||
| Spanish National Network of Drover's Roads (Vías P | Spain | Spain | Spain | This network of sheep and cattle roads date back to Roman rule and have had protection for centuries. Now that these roads are not used to drive cattle/sheep between market and fields, they are being treated as a conservation opportunity because these roa | cattle and sheep drover's route | Sheep and cattle | https://conservationcorridor.org/ccsg/what-we-do/projects-and-activities/guidelines/case-studies/droversroads/ http://www.pastos.es/ | ||||||||
| Tenasserim Corridor Project | Tenasserim Range | Thailand | Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi | Establishing a ecological corridor between WEFCOM and Kaeng Krachan Forest Complexes; runs along Thailand-Myanmar border (on Thai side), links 23 protected areas | Tiger and Asian elephant | https://thailand.wcs.org/Achieve-Project/Corridorproject.aspx | |||||||||
| Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor | Tanzania-Mozambique | Tanzania | Ruvuma Region | Corridor between Niassa (Mozambique) and Selous (Tanzenia) protected areas, significant biolink allowing animal passage through Miombo woodland ecosystem; ONLY on village land | Elephants | satellite tracking | https://conservationcorridor.org/cpb/BaldusandHahn2009.pdf | ||||||||
| Florida Wildlife Corridor | Florida | United States | Florida | This is a state-wide program to preserve the thin connections that keep the entire state connected via conservation areas; it combined federal, state, and private lands with permanent conservation status | 2015 | Statewide connectivity | http://floridawildlifecorridor.org/ | ||||||||
| Appalachian Trail (AT) | Appalachian Mountains | United States | Georgia to Maine | This hiking trail spans over 2,000 miles and protects a stretch of forest across the Appalachian mountains; encompasses more than 250,000 acres, making it one of the largest units of the National Park System in the eastern United States; The protection of | human hiking trail, any benefits to nature secondary | https://appalachiantrail.org/ | |||||||||
| Murchison-Semliki REDD+ | Western Uganda | Uganda | Hoima, Masindi, Kibale. Kyenjojo | The Murchison-Semliki REDD+ project is conserving wildlife corridor habitat in Western Uganda; stopping private land owners from clearing forest, blocking oil industry efforts, and preserving land; specific targets of several endangered/threatened species | Chimpanzee, crowned eagle, raptors, golden cat, jackals, Nathan's francolin, lion | https://uganda.wcs.org/Initiatives/Climate-Change/REDD.aspx https://uganda.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Murchison-Semliki.aspx | |||||||||
| Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) | Wyoming to Yukon Territory | United States/Canada | Wyoming, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Alber | International effort to reconnect Wyoming to Yukon Territories, covering 1.3 million square miles | Grizzly bear, caribou, lynx, golden eagles. Cutthroat trout | 467 partner groups non-for-profit | https://y2y.net/ | ||||||||
| The Terai Arc Landscape | India-Nepal border | Nepal/India | ndian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bih | This eco-region spans 11 protected areas and the corridors/bottlenecks in between; over 810 km between Yamuna River and Bhagmati River | One-horned rhinoceroses, Asian elephants, Bengal tigers | https://www.wwfindia.org/aboutwwf/criticalregions/teraiarclandscape/aboutteraiarclandscape/ | |||||||||
| Jaguar Corridor Initiative | Northern Argentina to Mexico | South/Central Americas | South/Central Americas | Connecting jaguar habitat across Central and South America, promoting gene flow; country by country but mostly overseen by Panthera | Jaguar | on the ground "truthing" and jaguar movement tracking | https://www.panthera.org/initiative/jaguar-corridor-initiative | ||||||||
| Alpine Network of Protected Areas | Alps | Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Slov | Humanmade infrastructure fragments landscapes and destroys habitats, making the resources on which animals depend inaccessible. Additionally, populations become isolated as migration patterns are disrupted. Climate change is exacerbating this situation, p | Not a lot of info about where and how these corridors are being created | http://www.alparc.org/biodiversity-and-ecological-connectivity | ||||||||||
| Mura-Drava-Danube | Along the Mura-Drava-Danube River | Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Serbia, and Slovenia | Eastern Europe/Balkan states | A 5-country Transboundary Biosphere Reserve has been created to protect the Mura-Drava-Danube River; 13 core areas were stablished and buffer and transitional areas in between; blocking of hyrdoelectic dam projects; establishment of the "Amazon of Europe" | biodiversity hotspot, many species of interest | https://conservationcorridor.org/ccsg/what-we-do/projects-and-activities/guidelines/case-studies/mura-drava-danube/ | |||||||||
| Western Wildway Network Priority Corridor Project | Mexico-Canada | Mexico, United States, Canada | Western North America (Rocky mountains) | A network of connected, protected lands from Mexico to Canada along the "Spine of the Continent"; mixture of public and private lands | pollination, carbon storage | Inclusive of Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) project | https://wildlandsnetwork.org/wildways/western/ | ||||||||
| Eastern Wildway | United States-Canada | United States, Canada | Eastern North America (Appalachian mountains) | Connecting core protected areas with habitat corridors from eastern Canada to Gulf of Mexico | https://wildlandsnetwork.org/wildways/eastern/ | ||||||||||
| Algonquin to Adirondacks (A2A) | Quebec to New York | United States, Canada | Quebec, New York | Linking Algonquin and Adirondack Parks across the Fronteriac Arch, preserving and protecting patches | "Connectivity of the A2A landscape can be achieved by preserving and restoring natural habitat — not in an unbroken line like a corridor, but as scattered patches, fence lines, river margins, wetlands and woodlots." | http://www.a2acollaborative.org/ | |||||||||
| Kilimanjaro Landscape Corridors | Amboseli National Park | Kenya, Tanzania | Olgulului, Imbirikani, Kuku, Kimana | African Wildlife Foundation (and other organizations) provide incentive for private landowners to allow wildlife passage and not to convert habitat; making ecological corridors supporting Amboseli National Park | 2008 | The conservation leases are not permanent and not all landowners are participating | https://conservationcorridor.org/ccsg/what-we-do/projects-and-activities/guidelines/case-studies/kilimanjaro/ | ||||||||
| Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier | Border convergence | Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe | A five-nation effort to connect fragmented islands and protected core areas, allowing especially for elephant movement | increase biodiversity | African elephant | https://conservationcorridor.org/ccsg/what-we-do/projects-and-activities/guidelines/case-studies/kaza/ | |||||||||
| Apuseni Link | Apuseni Mountains | Romania | The Apuseni Link connects the Apuseni Mountains with the Southern Carpathians through a network of Natura 2000 sites (restored landscapes) | 2020 | Wolves and bears | http://connectcarpathians.ro/about-the-project/?lang=en, https://e360.yale.edu/features/in_romania_highway_boom_poses_looming_threat_to_bears | |||||||||